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lang="fr-FR"> Votre portrait par l’ADN - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Votre portrait par l’ADN

Actuellement en France, le génome ne peut être séquencé que dans le cadre d’affaires judiciaires sur réquisition d’un juge ou du procureur. Inutile de dire que tout un chacun peut demander ce séquençage en Belgique ou ailleurs pour une somme minime avec un pourcentage d’erreur très faible. Les demandes actuelles de particuliers se situent surtout dans le cadre de la reconnaissance en paternité. De plus la loi n’autorise l’étude du génome que sur quelques segments d’ADN définis ; ceci dans le but de découvrir par exemple un violeur qui aurait laissé des traces génétiques : il existe d’ailleurs un fichier des empreintes génétiques.

Or la cour de Cassation a, par une décision du 25 juin dernier, fait exploser cette limitation. Il était demandé à la science de faire un portrait-robot à partir de l’étude du génome. Est-ce possible ?

Aussi incroyable que cela puisse paraître, en étudiant l’ADN, il est possible de reconstituer une partie des caractéristiques morphologiques d’un individu. Une recherche de cette nature n’était pas encore prévue par la loi d’où le fait que la cour de Cassation s’est engouffrée dans ce hiatus.

Il est techniquement possible de déterminer les caractéristiques ethniques à partir du génome. Un typage a été mis au point depuis longtemps. On se souvient que Sarkozy voulait faire demander systématiquement les empreintes génétiques des immigrés. Mais en 2009, face aux hurlements de la bien-pensance, il fait marche arrière. On l’accusait de vouloir faire une sélection à la nazi. La dite bien-pensance ne s’émeut pas du tout quand il s’agit de déterminer le génome des fœtus pour les avorter.

En pratique il est possible par l’étude du génome de déterminer le sexe, l’origine ethnique, mais aussi des caractéristiques comme l’écartement des yeux, leur couleur ; mais aussi celle de la peau, des cheveux, la forme du visage.

Actuellement ces portraits robots sont encore peu fiables ; mais les recherches américaines sur ce point sont impressionnantes.

Il est évident que l’intérêt principal tient aux enquêtes criminelles. Mais dans deux ou trois ans il sera possible d’avoir un véritable portait de l’Homme de Neandertal ou du roi de France Philippe Ier dont le corps est préservé dans un sarcophage à Cosne-sur-Loire. En effet pour faire un tel portait, il convient d’avoir suffisamment d’ADN, ce qui est le cas pour ce souverain mais probablement pas pour les hommes des cavernes.

Étonnant quand même ! Vous portez un verre à vos lèvres. Sans le savoir vous laissez obligatoirement quelques cellules sur le bord de celui-ci. Il est possible de les récupérer, en étudier l’ADN et…vous faire envoyer votre portrait. Mais présentement le plus simple est quand même de faire une photo de votre visage. C’est vraiment moins cher !

Jean-Pierre Dickès

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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