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Une histoire du Brésil (Michel Faure) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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histoire-du-bresil

Michel Faure, grand reporter, a couvert l’actualité de l’Amérique latine pendant de nombreuses années.

Le premier écrivain à s’intéresser aux indigènes du Brésil est Montaigne, dans son 31ème chapitre des Essais intitulé « Des Cannibales ». « Il n’y a rien de sauvage ou de barbare en cette nation, à ce qu’on m’en a rapporté, sinon que chacun appelle barbarie ce qui n’est pas de son usage« , écrit-il. Si nos ancêtres furent touchés par l’innocence et la liberté des premiers Brésiliens, nous restons toujours, aujourd’hui en France, attirés par le Brésil et ses habitants. Mais qu’en connaissons-nous ?

C’est en avril 1500 que 12 navires portugais approchent des côtes brésiliennes. Cabral, qui dirige l’expédition, écrit que les indigènes les ont reçus « avec plaisir et fête ». Ils sont décrits comme ayant la peau sombre, légèrement cuivrée, allant nus, des os plantés dans la lèvre inférieure. Ils troquent leurs arcs et leurs flèches contre des chapeaux ou des bonnets. Le 2 mai, Cabral et ses hommes quittent le petit paradis terrestre de la baie de l’île de Vera Cruz, heureux de leur découverte fortuite. Mais diverses péripéties vont condamner leur rapport de 27 pages, rédigé par Pero Vaz de Caminha, décrivant leur découverte, à rester enfermé dans les archives nationales à Lisbonne pendant près de deux siècles. Ce document est pourtant considéré aujourd’hui comme « le certificat de naissance » du Brésil.

Michel Faure étudie les différentes phases de l’histoire de ce pays : la découverte du nouveau monde, le Brésil colonial (et le rôle des Portugais, des Français, des Hollandais et des Africains), le Brésil impérial de 1808 à 1889, la « Vieille République » de 1889 à 1930, le Brésil sous tutelle de 1930 à 1954, la parenthèse bossa-nova de 1955 à 1964, la période militaire de 1964 à 1985 et le Brésil contemporain avec ses désillusions. Cinq siècles d’une histoire passionnante et méconnue des Français.

Une histoire du Brésil, Michel Faure, éditions Perrin, 446 pages, 24,90 euros

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