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Un monde d’esclavage - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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A l’heure où le scandale des esclaves vendus en Libye est mis au-devant de la scène, quel est la situation de l’esclavage en 2017 ?  Il reste encore 4 % de la population qui est esclave en Mauritanie, selon le Washington Post, pour un total mondial de 21 millions de personnes. En divisant les diverses nations du monde en plusieurs strates, voici la liste des pays esclavagistes ou non (+ ou –  indique l’amélioration ou la détérioration de la situation depuis 2013) :

 – Pays à plus de 0,75 % d’esclaves : Mauritanie (4 %), Haïti (2,1 %), Pakistan (1,2 %, Inde (1,1 %), Moldavie, Sénégal, Gambie, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, Gabon, Népal et Laos.

– Pays à plus de 0,5 % d’esclaves : Guinée Bissau, Guinée, Libéria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Bénin, Niger, Cameroun, Tchad, Soudan, Erythrée, Ethiopie, Somalie, Ouganda, Centrafrique, Guinée Equatoriale, Congo, République Démocratique du Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzanie, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibie, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Ouzbékistan, Myanmar, Thaïlande et Cambodge.

– Pays à plus de 0,3 % d’esclaves : Pologne, Tchéquie, Slovaquie, Hongrie, Slovénie, Croatie, Bosnie, Serbie, Monténégro, Albanie, Macédoine, Bulgarie, Russie, Géorgie, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Nigeria et Tadjikistan.

– Pays à plus de 0,2 % d’esclaves : Dominicaine, Colombie, Venezuela, Surinam, Guyana, Pérou, Equateur, Bolivie, Chili, Paraguay, Uruguay, Libye, Ukraine, Jordanie, Arabie Saoudite, Koweït, Qatar, Bahreïn, Emirats Arabes Unis, Kazakhstan, Turkménistan, Kirghizistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Chine et Vietnam.

– Pays à plus de 0,1 % d’esclaves :  Salvador, Nicaragua, Brésil, Maroc, Algérie, Estonie, Lettonie, Lituanie, Biélorussie, Roumanie, Turquie, Yémen, Oman, Mongolie et Philippines.

– Pays à plus de 0,05 % d’esclaves : Jamaïque, Mexique, Guatemala, Honduras, Argentine, Tunisie, Afrique du Sud, Angola, Kenya, Madagascar, Egypte, Liban, Israël, Syrie, Irak, Iran, Malaisie, Singapour, Indonésie, Japon, Sri Lanka, Timor oriental, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée.

– Pays officiellement sans esclaves : Canada, Etats-Unis, Cuba, Costa Rica, Panama, Islande, Irlande, Royaume-Uni, France, Espagne, Portugal, Italie, Grèce, Autriche, Suisse, Allemagne, Suède, Norvège, Finlande, Danemark, Pays-Bas, Luxembourg, Belgique, Ile Maurice, Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande et Corée du Sud.

– Pays sans données : Iles des Caraïbes, Belize, Soudan du Sud, Bhoutan, Chypre, Swaziland, Iles Salomon, Corée du Nord et Taïwan.

Selon l’étude d’économiste américain d’origine indienne Siddharth Kara, en 2016, l’esclavage moderne a généré un profit moyen de 3 978 dollars par an et par victime pour l’exploiteur. Les profits varient de quelques centaines de dollars par an à plusieurs centaines de milliers de dollars, pour un total annuel de 150 milliards de dollars. Comme le conclue l’écrivain algérien Karim Akouche :

« En Mauritanie, l’esclavage officiellement aboli en 1981, est toujours pratiqué. 300.000 à 700.000 individus ont des maîtres. On n’en parle pas. C’est tabou. On ne veut pas fâcher les seigneurs africains et leurs clients. Et si on faisait une enquête sérieuse sur le commerce des êtres humains au Congo, en Somalie, au Soudan, au Burundi, au Libéria, en Arabie saoudite ? Le Qatar n’a supprimé la kafala, système ségrégationniste envers les étrangers, qu’en 2016 ».

En 2013, les dix premières populations d’esclaves au monde étaient l’Inde (près de 14 millions), la Chine (près de 3 millions), le Pakistan (2,2 millions), le Nigeria (700.000), l’Ethiopie (651.000), la Russie (516.000), la Thaïlande (473.000), la République Démocratique du Congo (462.000), le Myanmar (384.000) et le Bangladesh (343.000). la Mauritanie, vu la faiblesse de sa population, n’est pas dans le Top 10, car 4 % de sa population ne représente que 172.000 personnes.

Hristo XIEP

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