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Un monde de droits de douane - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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L’affaire de la taxation de l’acier et de l’aluminium par Donald John Trump (sur laquelle nous reviendrons) permet de braquer les projecteurs sur les droits de douane de par le monde. A l’heure des grandes organisation commerciales transnationales, quels sont les pays qui sont les plus libre-échangistes et ceux qui sont les plus protectionnistes ?

Pays sans droits de douane :  Hong Kong, Macao, Singapour et Suisse

Moins de 1 % de droits de douane : Brunei (0,5 %), Botswana (0,6 %), Géorgie (0,7 %), Islande (0,7 %), Ile Maurice (0,7 %) et Canada (0,8 %).

Moins de 1,5 % de droits de douane : Namibie (1 %), Norvège (1 %), Albanie (1,1 %), Bosnie-Herzégovine (1,1 %), Swaziland (1,1 %), Australie (1,2 %), Nouvelle-Zélande (1,3 %), Japon (1,4 %).

Moins de 2 % de droits de douane : Allemagne (1,6 %), Autriche (1,6 %), Belgique (1,6 %), Bulgarie (1,6 %), Chypre (1,6 %), Croatie (1,6 %), Danemark (1,6 %), Espagne (1,6 %), Estonie (1,6 %), Finlande (1,6 %), France (1,6 %), Grèce (1,6 %), Hongrie (1,6 %), Irlande (1,6 %), Italie (1,6 %), Lettonie (1,6 %), Lituanie (1,6 %), Luxembourg (1,6 %), Malte (1,6 %), Pays-Bas (1,6 %), Pologne (1,6 %), Portugal (1,6 %), Roumanie (1,6 %), Royaume-Uni (1,6 %), Slovaquie (1,6 %), Slovénie (1,6 %), Suède (1,6 %), Tchéquie (1,6 %), Union Européenne (1,6 %), Etats-Unis (1,6 %), Bélarus (1,6 %), Laos (1,6 %), Costa Rica (1,8 %).

Moins de 3 % de droits de douane : Nicaragua (2 %), Lesotho (2 %), Arménie (2,2 %), Israël (2,3 %), Liban (2,3 %), Ukraine (2,5 %), Palaos (2,5 %), Timor oriental (2,5 %), Kazakhstan (2,5 %), Indonésie (2,6), Emirats Arabes Unis (2,7 %), Turquie (2,7 %), Vietnam (2,9 %).

Moins de 4 % de droits de douane : Koweït (3 %), Bahreïn (3,1 %), Kirghizistan (3,1 %), Qatar (3,4 %), Philippines (3,4 %), Russie (3,4 %), Moldavie (3,5 %), Chine (3,5 %), Mozambique (3,5 %), Malaisie (3,7 %), Maroc (3,8 %).

Moins de 5 % de droits de douane : Zambie (4 %), Macédoine (4 %), Afrique du Sud (4,2 %), Paraguay (4,2 %), Seychelles (4,2 %), Jordanie (4,3 %), Yémen (4,3 %), Mexique (4,4 %), République Dominicaine (4,6 %), Bolivie (4,8 %), Malawi (4,8 %).

Moins de 6 % de droits de douane : Zimbabwe (5 %), Polynésie Française (5,4 %), Ouganda (5,4 %), Burundi (5,5 %), Uruguay (5,7 %), Tadjikistan (5,7 %), Tonga (5,7 %), Chili (5,9 %), Sainte-Lucie (5,9 %).

Moins de 7 % de droits de douane : Equateur (6,2 %), Inde (6,3 %), Haïti (6,5 %), Guyane (6,6 %), Egypte (6,6 %), Rwanda (6,8 %).

Moins de 8 % de droits de douane : Colombie (7 %), Tanzanie (7,1 %), Burkina Faso (7,4 %), Argentine (7,5 %), Mali (7,6 %), Corée du Sud (7,7 %), Vanuatu (7,8 %), Madagascar (7,9 %)

Moins de 9 % de droits de douane :  Cuba (8 %), Iles Salomon (8 %), Brésil (8 %), Côte d’Ivoire (8,2 %), Dominique (8,4 %), Algérie (8,8 %).

Moins de 10 % de droits de douane : Aruba (9 %), Sénégal (9 %), Saint-Vincent-et-Grenadine (9,2 %), Tunisie (9,3 %), Angola (9,4 %), Niger (9,6 %), Cambodge (9,8 %).

Moins de 12,5 % de droits de douane : Pakistan (10 %), Venezuela (10 %), Samoa (10,3 %), Togo (10,3 %), Belize (10,5 %), Bangladesh (10,5 %), Ghana (10,8 %), Jamaïque (10,8 %), Maldives (11,2 %), Nigeria (11,3 %), Kenya (11,5 %), Bénin (11,6 %), Népal (11,7 %), Antigua-et-Barbuda (11,9 %), Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès (12,3 %), Grenade (12,4 %)

Plus de 12,5 % de droits de douane : Centrafrique (14,5 %), Bermudes (15,4 %), Tchad (16,4 %), Gabon (16,9 %), Bahamas (18,6 %).

Il est intéressant de noter que par rapport à 1988, les droits de douane ont largement baissé. L’Union européenne est passée ainsi de 3,6 à 1,6 %. Le Nigeria est passé de 23,8 à 11,3 %, la Corée du Sud de 13,8 à 7,7 %, l’Afrique du Sud de 13,1 à 4,4 %, la Malaisie de 9,4 à 3,7 %, le Japon de 3,8 à 1,4 %. La palme revient aux Philippines, dont les taux des droits de douane sont passés de 22,4 à 3,4 %. Un seul pays a vu ses droits de douane augmenter : la Norvège, passée de 0,8 à 1 %.

Hristo XIEP

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