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Trois parents pour un enfant : quand les journalistes racontent n’importe quoi - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Le quotidien Le Monde s’émerveille de la naissance en Amérique d’un bébé issu de trois parents biologiques (27/09/2016). Or un tel succès est déjà mentionné dans le New York Times du 16 décembre 2013. De même, j’en rendais compte dans mon ouvrage L’Ultime Trangression (2ème édition) publié en 2012 et venant d’être réédité. Le Pr Jacques Cohen, de l’Institut pour la Médecine reproductrice et des Sciences au Saint Barnabas Medical Centre dans le New Jersey, avait réussi la mise au monde de 17 enfants ; ceci selon un protocole établi en partie par lui-même dès 2001 et publié dans Human reproduction du 16 mars de la même année. Mais ce médecin de manière purement illégale – expérience interdite par la loi à l’époque-  avait déjà réussi en mai 1997 à féconder par transfert nucléaire une femme du nom d’Alana Saarinen venant du Michigan. Celle-ci eut une petite fille du nom d’Emma qui actuellement serait en bonne santé. Apparemment le quotidien Le Monde qui le 27 septembre dernier titre « Première naissance d’un bébé à trois parents » est très mal renseigné. Idem pour Science et Avenir, Le Point et d’autres publications qui ont probablement recopié bêtement un communiqué de l’AFP.

De quoi s’agit-il ? Il existe entre le noyau et la membrane cellulaire des micro-organites appelés mitochondries. Ce sont les batteries de toutes les cellules, y compris des ovules ; mais on a découvert qu’elles portaient de l’ADN, donc un message génétique. Celui-ci pouvait être perturbé et entraîner des maladies rares et des stérilités. Que faire ? Madame A est dans ce cas. On ira chercher madame B et lui demandera de donner un ovule. Celui-ci sera énucléé ; c’est-à-dire que le noyau en sera enlevé et remplacé par le noyau d’un ovule de Madame A. Ainsi, ce nouvel ovule possède du patrimoine génétique de Madame A et de Madame B. Cet ovule est fécondé par le sperme du mari de Madame A. Il est implanté dans son utérus et un enfant vient au monde. Il a donc bien trois parents génétiques Madame B, Madame A et le mari de celle-ci. 

Tout cela c’est bien beau ; mais dans Libération du 28 septembre, Julie Steffmann, professeur de génétique à l’hôpital Necker, estime qu’il n’y a pas assez de recul pour dire que cette technique n’est pas inoffensive et qu’il peut y avoir des interférences inconnues susceptibles d’apparaître : des souris nées dans ces conditions présentent des troubles neurologiques. L’idéal serait que cette personne demande au Pr Cohen du centre médical de Barnabas ce qu’il en pense.

Jean Pierre Dickès

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