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lang="fr-FR"> Syrie, questions sur le retrait russe - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Syrie, questions sur le retrait russe

L’annonce du retrait russe a surpris les observateurs. Certes, le cesse-le -feu semble tenir, le régime de Bachar est consolidé et les discussions avec une partie de l’opposition devraient pouvoir se poursuivre à Genève.

Mais tout de même, la guerre est loin d’être finie : l’Etat islamique conserve un territoire important, le Front al Nosra, affaibli, n’est pas détruit et il reste de nombreux combattants islamistes russes et caucasiens qui représentent un danger potentiel pour l’avenir.

Alors pourquoi ce retrait ? Les raisons russes n’ont pas toutes été explicitées (ce n’est pas le genre de la maison), mais elles sont tout de même facile à comprendre. En réalité, les principaux objectifs qui ont motivé l’intervention sont largement atteints.

Tout d’abord l’armée syrienne a repris le contrôle de la situation; sur la défensive en septembre, après les pertes de Palmyre et d’Idlib au Nord-Ouest, elle a repris l’offensive et obtenu des succès importants, même s’ils sont niés par les medias occidentaux. Homs a été presque totalement libérée, et les combattants islamistes ont fui pour la plupart. Une évacuation humanitaire d’un certain nombre d’entre eux, accompagnés de leurs familles,  a même été organisée avec l’aval du régime. De même, l’étau autour d’Alep a été brisé, plusieurs villages alentour repris, où l’armée a été triomphalement accueillie. En ce moment même, une offensive se déroule près de Palmyre. La situation militaire est donc bien meilleure.

Ensuite, il faut bien mesurer ce que signifie cette évacuation : une partie de l’aviation est rentrée mais une partie non négligeable demeure. De même, la base navale de Tartous est toujours aussi active. En cas de difficultés imprévues, il ne faudrait guère de temps pour reprendre le contrôle de la situation. En réalité, les effectifs russes qui demeurent sont bien suffisants alors qu’une trêve est observée. Surtout si l’on considère que dans toute cette affaire, les Russes ont mis en ligne des moyens qui dépassaient largement ce qui était nécessaire pour inverser le rapport de force. A tout moment l’aviation russe peut intervenir depuis la Syrie et la Russie. N’oublions pas également qu’après la destruction d’un bombardier russe par la chasse turque des batteries de missiles anti aériens très performantes ont été déployées et qu’elles ne sont pas concernées par l’évacuation.

Surtout, Poutine a obtenu ce qu’il cherchait : prendre la main sur ce conflit et s’imposer comme un interlocuteur incontournable. Aujourd’hui, rien ne se fait au Proche-Orient qui n’ait été organisé ou accepté par la Russie. Les Etats-Unis ont avalisé cet état de fait au grand dam de l’Europe écartée par son absence de stratégie cohérente.

Poutine peut maintenant voir venir : il a fait une démonstration de force qui a marqué les esprits et a durablement installé la Russie comme l’interlocuteur numéro un de la région.

Bien sûr, l’Etat Islamique est toujours là. Mais Poutine ne compte évidemment pas s’en occuper seul : après tout ce monstre a été engendré par l’invasion américaine de l’Irak. Il serait temps que les Etats-Unis, pour une fois, répare ce qu’ils ont eux-mêmes provoqué.

Antoine de Lacoste

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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