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Samedi 5 décembre – Saint Sabbas, Abbé - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Sanctoral

Saint Sabbas, Abbé. « Le porteur de Dieu, le saint, l’habitant de la ville sainte, l’étoile du désert, le patriarche des moines. » Fondateur du monastère de la Grande Laure à Jérusalem, mort en 532. Culte introduit au VIIème siècle à Rome par les moines d’ordre qu’il avait fondé, chassés par les musulmans : ils s’établirent sur l’Aventin et édifièrent un monastère (Cella Nova) dont l’église fut consacrée à St Sabbas. Sa fête fut ensuite introduite au calendrier au XIIème siècle.

Saint Sabbas, célèbre anachorète du Ve siècle, est avec saint Euthime et saint Gérasime un des principaux organisateurs et une des lumières du monachisme palestinien. A l’époque où saint Benoît, en Occident, répandait la vie monastique par la fondation d’abbayes groupant un grand nombre de religieux (vie cénobitique), Sabbas contribuait à instaurer en Orient la vie érémitique. Attirés par sa sainteté et ses miracles, des moines, par centaines, en Syrie et en Palestine, se retirèrent dans des cavernes ou des ermitages, pour y passer leur vie dans la prière, le silence et la pénitence. A Jérusalem il bâtit un célèbre « Laura » (c’est ainsi que les orientaux appellent les monastères) et ce monastère porta son nom. Quand, plus tard, les Arabes s’emparèrent de la ville, les moines s’enfuirent à Rome et y construisirent un monastère. C’est ainsi que le culte de Saint Sabbas se répandit à Rome. Dans l’Église d’Orient le saint est très honoré. On le désigne par ces titres : « Le porteur de Dieu, le saint, l’habitant de la ville sainte, l’étoile du désert, le patriarche des moines. » Sa vie a été écrite par saint Cyrille de Scythopolis. Saint Sabbas mourut le 5 décembre 532, âgé de 93 ans. Son tombeau est à Venise. A Rome, une antique église lui est dédiée sur l’Aventin, elle appartient au Collège Germanique.

Martyrologe

En Judée, saint Sabbas abbé, né à Mutala, ville de Cappadoce. Il donna un exemple admirable de sainteté, combattit avec courage pour la foi catholique contre ceux qui attaquaient le saint concile de Chalcédoine, et finalement mourut en paix, dans la laure du diocèse de Jérusalem, qui dans la suite fut désignée sous le nom de Saint-Sabbas.

A Nice, près du Var, saint Basse évêque. Durant la persécution de Dèce et de Valérien, il fut pour la foi du Christ et sur l’ordre du préfet Pérennius tourmenté sur le chevalet, brûlé avec des lames rougies au feu, meurtri à coups de bâton et avec des scorpions, enfin jeté dans le feu; mais en étant sorti sain et sauf, on le transperça de deux clous, et ainsi il consomma son glorieux martyre.

A Pavie, saint Dalmace, évêque et martyr, qui souffrit durant la persécution de Maximien.

A Corfinium (auj. San Pelino), dans les Abruzzes, saint Pelin, évêque de Brindisi. Comme il avait, sous Julien l’Apostat, renversé par sa prière le temple de Mars, les pontifes de ce temple le maltraitèrent avec une extrême cruauté; et, après avoir reçu quatre vingt cinq blessures, il obtint la couronne du martyre.

Le même jour, saint Anastase, qui, poussé par un désir ardent du martyre, alla de lui-même se présenter aux persécuteurs.

A Thagura, en Afrique, les saints Jules, Potamie, Crispin, Félix, Grat et sept autres martyrs.

A Tebessa, en Numidie, sainte Crispine, femme de haute naissance. Au temps des empereurs Dioclétien et Maximien, elle refusa de sacrifier aux idoles et eut la tête tranchée par ordre du proconsul Anolin. Saint Augustin a fait plusieurs fois son éloge.

A Trèves, saint Nicet, évêque, homme d’une admirable sainteté.

A Polybote, en Asie, saint Jean évêque, surnommé le Thaumaturge.

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