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lang="fr-FR"> Russie : politique nataliste et concours de bébés patriotes - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site iconSite icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Russie : politique nataliste et concours de bébés patriotes

( la phrase en rouge = « Le pays a besoin de vos records« ,  la phrase en bleu = « 3 enfants naissent chaque minute en Russie« )


La perte de confiance en l’avenir causée par la dislocation de l’URSS et par la décennie d’affaissement politique et économique qui a suivi a provoqué en Russie une spectaculaire baisse de la natalité. De plus, la pratique massive de l’avortement héritée du communisme continue encore aujourd’hui à plomber la démographie du pays. Ainsi, la Russie avait près de cinq millions d’habitants de moins en 2010 qu’en 1991, et ce malgré l’immigration. Le peuple russe était alors bel et bien en voie d’extinction.

Prenant la mesure du problème, Vladimir Poutine a mis en place en 2006 un plan d’action publique destiné à soutenir les familles et à stimuler la natalité de ses compatriotes. La mesure-phare de ce programme est un « capital maternité » s’élevant à 365 000 roubles (soit 9200 euros) attribué à chaque naissance à partir du deuxième enfant. A titre de comparaison, alors que le salaire moyen s’élève en Russie à environ 700 euros mensuels nets, la République française octroie à ses citoyens une prime de naissance de 923 euros pour un salaire moyen de 2130 euros mensuels nets.

C’est assez logiquement que l’effort budgétaire consenti par la Fédération russe porte ses fruits. En effet, le nombre des naissances a dépassé celui des décès en 2013 pour la première fois depuis 1991. L’année dernière, la population russe a ainsi naturellement augmenté de 22 913 habitants. Le taux de fécondité est, quant à lui, passé de 1,17 enfant par femme en 1999 à 1,69 en 2012.

Au niveau local également, des initiatives sont prises par certains gouvernements régionaux afin de participer à l’effort national de redressement démographique. Par exemple, la région d’Oulianovsk organise chaque année depuis 2003 un concours de « bébés patriotes » : les enfants nés le jour de la fête nationale, le 12 juin, font gagner à leur famille une UAZ Patriot, voiture tout-terrain et familiale de conception et de fabrication entièrement russes ainsi qu’un passage dans l’émission télévisée Un nouveau patriote pour la Russie. Le 12 septembre est dès lors connu dans ce sujet de la Fédération russe comme étant « jour de conception » afin d’accoucher neuf mois plus tard, à l’occasion de la fête nationale. Le patriotisme étant une valeur largement partagée par les citoyens russes, la région d’Oulianovsk a connu une augmentation de 25 % du nombre de naissances en une dizaine d’années.

Baudouin Lefranc

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