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Risque-pays : la Croatie, l’Arménie et la Slovaquie promus, le Nicaragua et le Pakistan dégradés - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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La Coface (Compagnie française d’assurance pour le commerce extérieur) vient de faire paraître les indicateurs du 3e trimestre 2018 quant à la solvabilité des entreprises mondiales.  Les pays du monde sont divisés en 8 catégories :

A1 (risques très faibles) : Allemagne, Autriche, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Suisse.

A2 (risques faibles) : Australie, Bahamas, Belgique, Corée du Sud, Danemark, Espagne, Estonie, Etats-Unis, Finlande, France, Hong Kong, Islande, Israël, Japon, Malte, Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal, Singapour, Slovaquie, Suède, Taïwan, Tchéquie.

A3 (niveau satisfaisant) : Canada, Chili, Hongrie, Irlande, Koweït, Lettonie, Lituanie, Malaisie, Pologne, Royaume-Uni, Slovénie.

A4 (niveau convenable) : Botswana, Bulgarie, Chypre, Colombie, Indonésie, Italie, Kenya, Maroc, Ile Maurice, Panama, Pérou, Philippines, Qatar, Roumanie, Thaïlande, Uruguay.

B (Assez élevé) : Afrique du Sud, Bénin, Brésil, Cap Vert, Chine, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatie, République Dominicaine, Egypte, Géorgie, Ghana, Grèce, Jamaïque, Inde, Kazakhstan, Macédoine du Nord, Mexique, Namibie, Oman, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, Russie, Rwanda, Sénégal, Serbie, Vietnam.

C (élevé) : Albanie, Algérie, Arabie Saoudite, Argentine, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Bahreïn, Bangladesh, Biélorussie, Bolivie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Burkina Faso, Cambodge, Cameroun, Congo, Djibouti, Equateur, Ethiopie, Gabon, Guatemala, Guinée, Honduras, Jordanie, Liban, Moldavie, Mongolie, Monténégro, Niger, Nigeria, Ouganda, Ouzbékistan, Pakistan, Paraguay, Salvador, Sao Tome & Principe, Sri Lanka, Tanzanie, Togo, Trinité et Tobago, Tunisie, Turquie, Ukraine.

D (très élevé) : Angola, Arménie, Belize, Centrafrique, République Démocratique du Congo, Guinée Bissau, Guinée Equatoriale, Guyana, Haïti, Kirghizistan, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritanie, Myanmar, Népal, Pakistan, Palestine, Sierra Leone, Surinam, Tadjikistan, Tchad, Turkménistan, Zambie.

E (extrême) : Afghanistan, Burundi, Corée du Nord, Cuba, Erythrée, Irak, Iran, Kosovo, Libye, Mozambique, Somalie, Soudan, Timor oriental, Venezuela, Yémen, Zimbabwe.

NC (non-classés) : Bhoutan, Eswatini (ex-Swaziland), Soudan du sud.

Rappelons qu’au premier trimestre, l’Afrique du Sud, le Nigeria et le Portugal avaient été promus et le Costa Rica, la Suède et la Tunisie dégradés, alors qu’au second trimestre, la Malaisie et Oman avait été promus et l’Argentine, l’Inde, l’Italie, le Sri Lanka et la Turquie dégradés.

En ce qui concerne le troisième trimestre, la Croatie, l’Arménie et la Slovaquie ont été promus et le Nicaragua et le Pakistan dégradés. Ce qui a joué en faveur de la Croatie, c’est l’augmentation du tourisme (qui représente 25 % du PIB), qui dope la croissance du pays, et entraîne une hausse de la consommation des ménages, favorisée par le dynamisme de l’emploi, la progression du revenu réel et des transferts des expatriés. La Croatie est également sortie des procédures européennes pour déficit excessif. L’Arménie bénéficie d’une croissance de 7,5 % en 2017 et de 3,8 % en 2018, du soutien financier de la diaspora et d’un contexte économique favorable avec le redressement du cours des minerais qui relance l’industrie. L’Arménie a aussi conservé son avantage : une confortable réserve de change. La Slovénie vient de dépasser les 4% de croissance et voit son industrie automobile se développer. Le déficit public n’est plus que de 1 % et les défaillances d’entreprises ont chuté de 27 % en 2017.

A contrario, le Nicaragua a été dégradé à cause du conflit socio-politique qui a entraîné une chute des investissements et une croissance inférieure de 5.8 % d’après les précisions. La faiblesse du cordoba qui s’est effondré (34 euros pour 1000 cordobas en mars 2015 contre 27 euros aujourd’hui).

Le Pakistan paie l’instabilité politique planant sur le pays, les nombreux déficits (notamment les soldes publics et courants) et la dépréciation de la roupie de 12 %.

Hristo XIEP

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