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Réédition des Mémoires du Général von Choltitz - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Les éditions Perrin viennent de rééditer les Mémoires du Général Dietrich von Choltitz (1894-1966) publiées pour la première fois en 1945 et traduit en français en 1964. L’homme est surtout connu pour son rôle en tant que gouverneur militaire du Gross Paris lors de la bataille pour la libération de Paris, un poste qui ne représente pourtant qu’un peu plus de deux semaines de sa longue carrière militaire.

Né dans une famille silésienne traditionnellement dévouée au service de l’Etat, Choltitz est admis en avril 1914 comme aspirant au prestigieux 107ème régiment d’infanterie du prince Joann Georg. Il termine la Première Guerre mondiale trois fois blessé au rang de sous-lieutenant et fait partie des rares officiers allemands conservés sous la république de Weimar, dont l’armée a été réduite à 100.000 hommes à la suite du Traité de Versailles. Il est intégré au 16ème régiment d’infanterie aéroporté d’élite, chargé des missions les plus audacieuses sur les arrières de l’adversaire.

En septembre 1939, von Choltitz débute la Seconde Guerre mondiale en prenant tardivement part à la campagne de Pologne, à la tête d’un bataillon engagé dans la bataille de la Bzura. Il est par la suite nommé lieutenant-colonel et commande le 16ème régiment d’infanterie aéroporté lors de la campagne de l’Ouest, se distinguant par la prise de Rotterdam le 14 mai 1940. Lors de l’opération Barbarossa en juin 1941, son régiment s’élance de Roumanie et combat jusqu’en Crimée, où commence la longue et difficile bataille de Sébastopol. Brillant tacticien, blessé au feu en compagnie de ses hommes, l’officier fait partie des vainqueurs de la grande citadelle soviétique en mai 1942.

Promu général, Dietrich von Choltitz reçoit une formation expresse sur les chars afin de prendre la tête de la 11ème division blindée. Cette dernière est jetée à la fin de l’année 1942 dans la débâcle de Stalingrad, où son chef est temporairement affecté  au commandement du 17ème corps d’armée blindée. Il réussit habilement à replier ses unités encerclées, puis participe aux sanglantes batailles de Kharkov, de Koursk et du Dniepr, avant de quitter le front de l’Est. Il commande brièvement un corps d’armée en Italie lors de la bataille d’Anzio au début de l’année 1944, puis se rend en France prendre la tête du 84ème corps d’armée – bientôt anéanti lors de la bataille de Normandie -, avant d’être nommé au début du mois d’août commandant du Gross Paris. Dans la foulée de sa capitulation le 25 août 1944, von Choltitz est interné en Angleterre avec d’autres généraux allemands, puis libéré en 1947.

Ses mémoires constituent un témoignage de première main et un document de qualité concernant l’histoire militaire allemande au cours du vingtième siècle.

Mémoires, Général von Choltitz, éditions Perrin, 352 pages, 22 euros

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