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Rapport 2017 sur les transferts d’argent des diasporas - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Comme chaque année, la Banque Mondiale publie son Migration and Remittances: Recent developments and outlook, l’édition 2017 étant disponible depuis le 22 avril.

Les diverses diasporas ont fait transiter dans leurs pays d’accueil la somme de 575,2 milliards de $ (contre 466,7 en 2010), les pays qui sont les plus financés par leurs diaspora étant, en somme brut, l’Inde (62,7 milliards), la Chine (61 milliards), les Philippines (29,9 milliards), le Mexique (28,5 milliards), le Pakistan (19,8 milliards), le Nigeria (19 milliards), l’Egypte (16,6 milliards), le Bangladesh (13,7 milliards), le Vietnam (13,4 milliards) et l’Indonésie (9,2 milliards). En pourcentage du PIB, le pays le plus aidé du monde est le Kirghizistan (34,5 %), le Népal (39,7 %), le Liberia (29,6 %), Haïti (27,8 %), Tonga (27,8 %), le Tadjikistan (26,9 %), la Moldavie (21,7 %), les Comores 21,2 %), la Gambie (20,4 %) et le Honduras (18,4 %).

L’analyse de chaque région du globe est en fait conforme aux idées que l’on a de celles-ci : pour l’Asie du Sud-Est, outre les 4 pays cités plus haut, la 5e place de cette région en somme brute est la Thaïlande (6 milliards), suivie par le Mayanmar (3,3 milliards), le Cambodge, la Mongolie et les Fidji avec 0,3 milliard. En pourcentage du PIB, on constate, sans surprise, la présence aux premières places des archipels océaniens : outre Tonga, précédemment cité, le classement donne dans l’ordre : Samoa (15,1 %), les Marshall (14,3 %), Tuvalu (12,5 %), Kiribati (9,8 %), les Philippines (9,6 %), la Micronésie (7,3 %), le Vietnam (6,7 %), les Fidji (5,6 %) et le Myanmar (4,9 %).

Pour l’Europe et l’Asie centrale, les dix premiers pays en somme brute sont : la Russie (6,2 milliards), l’Ukraine (6,2 milliards), la Roumanie (3,5 milliards), la Serbie (3,2 milliards), L’Ouzbékistan (2,3 milliards), le Kirghizistan (2 milliards), la Bosnie (1,9 milliard), le Tadjikistan (1,8 milliard), la Bulgarie (1,7 milliard) et la Géorgie (1,5 milliard). En % du PIB, outre les trois pays nommés en début d’article, nous avons : le Kosovo (14,8 %), le Bosnie (12,5 %), l’Arménie (11,3 %), la Géorgie (10,3 %), le Monténégro (9,2 %), l’Albanie (8,8 %) et la Serbie (8,5 %).

Pour l’Amérique Latine, outre le Mexique, les 9 autres pays les plus aidés en somme brute sont le Guatemala (7,4 milliards), la République Dominicaine (5,5 milliards), la Colombie (4,9 milliards), le Salvador (4,6 milliards), le Honduras (3,8 milliards), le Pérou (2,9 milliards), le Brésil (2,7 milliards), l’Equateur (2,7 milliards) et la Jamaïque (2,4 milliards). En pourcentage du PIB, outre Haïti et le Honduras, viennent la Jamaïque (17,6 %), le Salvador (17,2 %), le Guatemala (10,7 %), le Nicaragua (9,6 %), le Guyana (8,6 %), la République Dominicaine (7,7 %), le Belize (5 %) et la Dominique (4,6 %).

Pour les pays d’Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient, outre l’Egypte, les pays les plus aidés sont le Liban (7,3 milliards), le Maroc (7 milliards), la Jordanie (5,1 milliards), le Yémen (3,4 milliards), l’Algérie (2 milliards), la Tunisie (1,8 milliard), la Palestine (1,7 milliard), la Syrie (1,6 milliard) et l’Iran (1,4 milliard). En pourcentage du PIB, nous avons le Liban (14,1 %), la Palestine (13,6 %), la Jordanie (13 %), le Yémen (10,7 %), le Maroc (6,7 %), l’Egypte (4,8 %), la Tunisie (4,2 %), Djibouti (3,5 %), l’Algérie (1,2 %) et l’Irak (0,5 %).

Pour l’Asie, outre l’Inde, le Pakistan et le Bangladesh, les pays les plus aidés sont le Sri Lanka (7,3 milliards), le Népal (6,3 milliards), l’Afghanistan (300 millions), le Bhoutan et les Maldives (moins de 100 millions. En pourcentage du PIB, outre le Népal, il y a le Sri, Lanka (8,8 %), le Pakistan (6,9 %), le Bangladesh (6 %), l’Inde (2,8 %), l’Afghanistan (1 ,7 %), le Bhoutan (1 %) et les Maldives (0,1 %). Notons que le développement économique de cette région se constate au niveau très bas des chiffres.

Pour l’Afrique Noire, outre le Nigeria, les 9 autres pays les plus aidés en somme brute sont le Ghana (2 milliards), le Sénégal (2 milliards), le Kenya (1,7 milliard), l’Ouganda (1,1 milliard), le Mali (800 millions), l’Afrique du Sud (700 millions), le Liberia (600 millions), l’Ethiopie (600 millions) et Madagascar (400 millions). En pourcentage du PIB, on a, outre le Libéria, les Comores et la Gambie, le Lesotho (17,5 %), le Sénégal (13,5 %), Cap Vert (13 %), le Togo (6,4 %), le Mali (5,7 %), le Ghana (4,8 %) et le Nigeria (4,6 %).

Hristo XIEP

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