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Quand les aveugles voient - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Dans mon ouvrage L’Ultime transgression, j’expliquais le système Argus II permettant aux aveugles de voir les formes qui les entouraient. Comme me disait le Dr Dor quasiment aveugle m’expliquait « Vous savez Jean-Pierre, entre ne rien voir et voir un peu, il y a une différence énorme ». Le matériel qui a été mis aux Etats-Unis est le suivant. La personne atteinte de cécité a des lunettes munies d’une minuscule caméra. Celle-ci filme et les images sont numérisées dans un petit ordinateur qui se tient au niveau de la ceinture. Puis elles sont renvoyées vers des micro-processeurs qui ont été disposées au  niveau de la rétine. Ceux-ci transmettent le message vers le nerf optique qui est relié au cerveau et plus précisément au lobe occipital où se situe le centre de la vision.  Le trajet étant complexe le résultat est finalement assez moyen. Toutefois la Sécurité Sociale a donné son aval pour la prise en charge de 36 patients atteints d’atteinte grave de la rétine.

Or l’Université de Californie à Los Angeles a mis au point un système du nom d’Orion 1. Le principe est sensiblement le même en partie. Des images sont recueillies par une minuscule caméra dont les images sont numérisées et renvoyées vers un petit ordinateur qui se met dans la poche. Celui-ci transforme les images en signaux électriques qui sont transférés sans fil vers un récepteur  implanté à l’intérieur et à l’arrière du crâne ; celui-ci dispose d’électrodes qui vont stimuler le centre de la vision situé dans le lobe occipital. Rappelons que les implants cérébraux se posent très facilement en faisant un trou très étroit au niveau des fosses nasales ou du fond de la bouche. 40.000 de ces dispositifs ont déjà été implantés en France dans l’indication de Maladie de Parkinson, dépressions sévère etc.  Les résultats sont extraordinaires. En pratique ce système permet de shunter la rétine quand elle est détruite. C’est  donc une arme dite de « seconde intention ». Le résultat est semble-t-il meilleur que dans le système Argus II notamment au niveau de la vision des couleurs.

Jean-Pierre Dickès

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