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lang="fr-FR"> Quand les Anglais livraient le Levant à l'Etat Islamique (Lina Murr Nehmé) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Quand les Anglais livraient le Levant à l’Etat Islamique (Lina Murr Nehmé)

Le Professeur Lina Murr Nehmé, d’origine franco-libanaise, est historienne, politologue et islamologue.

Vers le début du XXe siècle, le chauffage au fuel, l’invention de l’automobile et de la locomotive à essence, le développement de nouveaux navires, ont décuplé l’intérêt des grandes puissances pour les réserves pétrolières du Moyen-Orient. 

L’Angleterre parvint à mettre la main sur une concession pour l’exploitation du sous-sol perse (iranien). Durant les années suivantes, l’Angleterre se mêla des affaires de la Perse, et aussi de celles des pays voisins, notamment ceux du Golfe.

Les Libanais, les Mésopotamiens, les Syriens et les Palestiniens vivaient sur la route du pétrole, des Indes et du canal de Suez. Une grande partie d’entre eux réclamaient leur indépendance. S’ils l’obtenaient, cela risquait de mettre en péril la main-mise de l’Angleterre sur le pétrole.

Inversement, si les Libanais, les Mésopotamiens, les Syriens, les Palestiniens et les Arabes du Golfe et de la Péninsule étaient soumis à un seul Etat islamique (califat) fabriqué par les Anglais, ils seraient régentés par une dictature fondée sur la charia, qui barrerait la route à la France, l’Autriche, la Russie et la Prusse. Tandis que l’Angleterre contrôlerait le calife à l’aide des officiers et des agents dont elle l’aurait entouré, et de l’or qu’elle lui verserait en abondance.

Ce n’était pas la première fois que l’Angleterre appliquait cette stratégie. En 1840, pour protéger la route des Indes, elle avait fomenté au Liban une guerre civile pour élargir l’aire de domination de l’Etat islamique ottoman, auquel elle livra le Liban, la Syrie et la Palestine.

En 1908, voyant que l’Etat islamique se rapprochait de la Prusse, l’Angleterre renversa le calife au bénéfice d’un parti laïque, les Jeunes Turcs. Ces derniers n’ayant pas abandonné la Prusse, l’Angleterre décida de les renverser en 1914 en créant un nouveau califat, qui serait arabe, et auquel elle reconnut le droit d’envahir les mêmes pays que l’Etat islamique du VIIe siècle, sauf les pays colonisés par l’Angleterre ou la France (Perse, Aden et Afrique du Nord). Pour permettre à cet Etat islamique d’envahir les pays qu’elle lui avait promis, l’Angleterre déclara que les peuples de la région étaient arabes et rêvaient de se soumettre à La Mecque, sans que les peuples concernés n’aient eu leur avis à donner en la matière. En donnant une identité unique à tous ces peuples, l’Angleterre  justifiait aussi son rapt de la Palestine et du Liban-Sud qui, selon les mots du ministre anglais Balfour, constituaient une « petite encoche « .

Les Anglais ne se doutaient pas qu’ils seraient ensuite chassés de Palestine, d’Irak et même d’Iran.

Mais le monstre réactivé par l’Angleterre vit toujours. On l’appelle aujourd’hui Daech, Al-Qaïda ou Al-Nosra.

C’est en rappelant la douleur et les larmes des victimes méconnues de l’Histoire que Lina Murr Nehmé tente de dévoiler les racines des malheurs d’aujourd’hui.

Quand les Anglais livraient le Levant à l’Etat Islamique, Lina Murr Nehmé, éditions Salvator, 254 pages, 22 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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