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lang="fr-FR"> Quand le fœtus vient au secours de sa mère - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site iconSite icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Quand le fœtus vient au secours de sa mère

Le microchimérisme est un mot de vocabulaire pratiquement inconnu. Il est possible de le définir comme la présence dans un organisme de cellules appartenant à un autre organisme. Prenons un exemple simple. Celui qui reçoit une transfusion sanguine gardera toute sa vie dans sa propre circulation des cellules sanguines du donneur. Il en est a fortiori de même en cas de dons d’organes. 

Toutefois le mot de microchimérisme est surtout évoqué à propos de la mère vis-à-vis du fœtus. Il existe dans le sens materno-fœtal et foeto-maternel. Il y a donc un véritable échange des cellules entre deux êtres humains. Dans l’organisme de la mère persistent après l’accouchement des cellules de son enfant à raison de une pour 500.000 globules maternels. Ces échanges se font au niveau du placenta. Ces cellules sont variées, mais concernent surtout les lignées sanguines. Qui dit cellules dit ADN. Il est possible de trouver de l’ADN fœtal durant la grossesse et bien au-delà. D’où l’arrivée sur le marché d’un test permettant de diagnostiquer la trisomie sur une simple prise de sang. 

Nous mentionnons le microchimérisme en raison d’une session qui s’est tenue à l’ONU à propos de la santé de la femme. Le Dr Hina Chaudhry de la faculté de médecine de Monte Sinaï à New York -université est à la pointe de la recherche- a rendu compte de ses travaux. Cette. Cette femme a fait une découverte extraordinaire. Elle a apporté la preuve qu’une microchimérie venait au secours de la mère dans les maladies cardiaques. Autrement dit des cellules souches venant de l’embryon puis du fœtus aident le cœur de l’organisme maternel. Il s’agit d’une véritable régénération de cet organe. Elle n’a pas précisé le type de cellules souche concernées. Elle pense que ce serait une ouverture possible vers le traitement de l’insuffisance cardiaque.

On sait depuis un certain temps que si la mère est malade, comme dans la grippe ou les AVC, son fœtus lui vient en aide pour qu’elle se défende mieux. Mais jamais n’avait été prouvé une régénération du cœur. Ceci explique que les femmes cardiaques en général supportent très bien leur grossesse. 

A noter que lors de la même session, dans le cadre de la Commission du statut de la femme, la Suisse a fait une proposition visant à rattacher l’avortement aux « droits de la femme ». Une fois de plus elle a été rejetée.

                                                                           Jean-Pierre Dickès

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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