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Production de blé en haute moyenne pour la récolte 2017 - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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36,34 millions de tonnes produites. La récolte de blé estimée pour 2017, si elle est loin de la production record de 2015 avec ses 41 millions de tonnes produites, elle rattrape une année 2016 désastreuse avec 27,56 millions de tonnes (qui ramenait la France au niveau de production de 1987) et se situe dans la fourchette des années 2008-2014. De plus, ce qui ne gâte rien, le blé est exceptionnel en qualité, la canicule ayant favorisée celle-ci en permettant un blé qui aura plus de 12 % de protéines.

Cependant, le rendement n’a pas été le même dans toutes les régions. Si la Franche-Comté, le Rhône-Alpes, les Pays-de-Loire, l’Aquitaine et les Midi-Pyrénées dépassent de 5 à 10 % la moyenne de production des années 2008-2015, si la Bretagne, l’Auvergne, le Centre, la Bourgogne et l’Alsace les ont atteintes, les autres régions souffrent d’un déficit relatif (entre -2 et -5 %) en ce qui concerne les deux Normandie, l’Ile-de-France et le Nord-Pas-de-Calais, d’un déficit sérieux (-5 à -10 %) en ce qui concerne le Poitou-Charentes, le Limousin, la Picardie et le Champagne-Ardenne. Quant à la Lorraine, elle est dans le déficit critique avec -15 %.

Le directeur-général et fondateur d’Agritel (site faisant autorité en France en ce qui concerne l’économie du blé), Michel Portier, peut déclarer avec optimisme que « « La qualité de la récolte 2017 permettra à la France de reconquérir les marchés perdus avec la médiocre récolte 2016, voire même d’en gagner de nouveaux sur un marché international qui s’annonce plus ouvert pour cette nouvelle campagne ».

Rappelons que la production française de blé est en gros le quadruple de celle de 1960, bien que la France soit depuis les années septante le 5e producteur mondial de blé (si on excepte une très éphémère 4e place juste après la dislocation de l’URSS et la chute temporaire de la production russe), que la récolte soit bonne ou mauvaise. La France a franchi la barre des 10 millions de tonnes en 1962 avec un chiffre record pour l’époque de 14 millions. La barre des 15 millions sera franchie en 1971, celle des 20 millions en 1978, celle des 25 millions en 1982, celle des 30 millions en 1984 (récolte exceptionnelle de 33 millions de tonnes), celle des 35 millions en 1996 et celle des 40 millions une seule fois dans l’histoire en 2015.

Quand on compare les productions de blé entre 2005 et 2015, on constate que si la production mondiale a augmenté de quasiment 100 millions de tonnes (630 millions contre 729 millions), la production de la Chine (n°1 mondial) et de l’Inde (n°2) ont augmentées conjointement de  92 millions de tonnes ! Les Etats-Unis, pour la première fois depuis longtemps, tombent au 4e rang mondial, dépassés par la Russie (+ 9,5 millions de tonnes en 10 ans pour la Russie contre -2 millions pour les Etats-Unis). Certains pays ont vu leur production s’effondrer en 10 ans, notamment l’Argentine (- 58 % de production en 10 ans) ou l’Iran (-26 %), voire la Turquie (-12%).

Hristo XIEP

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