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lang="fr-FR"> Ouverture du rail à la concurrence, où en sont nos voisins ? - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Ouverture du rail à la concurrence, où en sont nos voisins ?

La question de l’ouverture à la concurrence du réseau ferroviaire français se pose de plus en plus avec insistance. Le réseau français est le deuxième d’Europe derrière l’Allemagne avec 29.000 km de lignes et près de 3.000 gares et le deuxième réseau à grande vitesse d’Europe derrière l’Espagne avec 2.800 km. En terme de fréquentation des trains et avec près de 90 milliards de voyageurs-kilomètre, la France se positionne également à la deuxième place en Europe, juste derrière l’Allemagne, mais assez loin devant les autres pays européens. S’agissant de l’offre ferroviaire, avec 424 millions de trains-kilomètres, la France se situe en troisième position en Europe, derrière l’Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni.

Dans son 5e rapport annuel d’observation des marchés ferroviaires publié en mars 2017, le groupement des régulateurs ferroviaires européens (IRG Rail) a évalué le degré d’ouverture à la concurrence de 24 pays européens (membres ou non de l’UE) sur la base de données datant de 2015. La France fait partie des 8 pays sur 24 pays européens qui n’ont pas encore libéralisé les services domestiques de transport ferroviaire de voyageurs. Sur les 16 autres pays qui ont procédé à cette libéralisation, la concurrence est effective dans 12 pays :

– Etats non-ouverts à la concurrence : Belgique, Croatie, Espagne, Finlande, France, Grèce, Slovénie, Suisse.

– Ouverture à concurrence sans nouveaux entrants : Bulgarie (2002), Estonie (2004), Kossovo (2012), Luxembourg (2000).

– Ouverture à la concurrence des services conventionnés uniquement : Pays-Bas (2003).

– Ouverture à la concurrence effective partielle sur les services non-conventionnés : Autriche (1999), Danemark (2003), Hongrie (2006), Italie (2007), Lettonie (2000), Slovaquie (2011).

– Ouverture totale à la concurrence : Allemagne (1997), Norvège (2012), Pologne (2005), Royaume-Uni (1998), Suède (2010).

Les services de transport ferroviaire conventionnés correspondent à des services de transport ferroviaire qui sont exploités dans le cadre d’une convention conclue entre une autorité organisatrice des transports (AOT) et une entreprise ferroviaire. L’exploitation d’un service conventionné peut être réalisée par attribution directe à une entreprise ferroviaire par l’AOT ou par un processus d’attribution concurrentiel (par appel d’offres). On parle dans ce cas de concurrence pour le marché. Les services commerciaux sont des services non conventionnés qui sont offert librement par des entreprises ferroviaires aux voyageurs. Lorsque la concurrence est ouverte pour ce type de service, les entreprises ferroviaires sont libres de définir les services de transport qu’elles offrent aux voyageurs. On parle de concurrence sur le marché ou de concurrence en open access.

Hristo XIEP

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