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Nouvelle crise politique au Liban - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Le premier ministre libanais Saad Hariri a annoncé sa démission le 4 novembre dernier à la télévision…saoudienne.

Certes, Hariri a la double nationalité libanaise et saoudienne, mais le fait reste tout de même surréaliste. De là à penser que l’homme d’affaires sunnite a été contraint à ce geste par le régime saoudien, il n’y a évidemment qu’un pas, d’autant qu’Hariri est toujours à Ryad. Il ne s’est donc pas rendu au Liban pour remettre sa démission au Président Aoun comme l’exige la Constitution.

Est-il libre de ses mouvements ? On peut penser que non. Voulait-il vraiment démissionner ? C’est peu probable mais Hariri est totalement dépendant de Ryad. Son groupe de BTP, Saudi Oger, dont il a hérité de son père Rafic, est en faillite. La corruption généralisée qui entourait l’activité de l’entreprise rend facile une intervention de l’Etat saoudien pour faire pression sur Hariri qui pourrait encourir une longue peine de prison pour toutes ses activités frauduleuses.

Que veut Ryad en organisant ce scénario improbable ?

Toutes les clés ne sont pas encore connues mais il est toutefois évident que cette démission s’inscrit dans la prise de pouvoir progressive du prince héritier du royaume wahhabite, Mohamed Ben Salman (MBS pour les intimes) qui succédera à son père Salmane, âgé de 82 ans.

Il est décidé à moderniser le royaume et à affronter la puissance iranienne afin que l’Arabie Saoudite demeure la principale puissance de la région.

C’est pourquoi il a déclenché la guerre au Yemen afin d’empêcher les rebelles houttistes, proches de Téhéran, de prendre le pouvoir.

C’est aussi pourquoi il a instauré un blocus brutal contre le Qatar, coupable de trop parler avec l’Iran.

C’est enfin pourquoi une vague d’arrestations a frappé le royaume saoudien où des dizaines d’hommes d’affaires, de princes et de ministres ont été assignés à résidence avec interdiction d’exercer toute activité. Tout ceci sous le prétexte de lutter contre la corruption. Celle-ci est réelle mais elle est consubstantielle à l’Arabie Saoudite et c’est en réalité un moyen commode de se débarrasser d’opposant potentiels.

La démission forcée d’Hariri s’inscrit dans la même logique.

L’Arabie saoudite a perdu, par procuration, la guerre en Syrie que l’Iran, elle, est en passe de gagner. Ceci a considérablement renforcé le Hezbollah libanais, également très actif dans le conflit syrien contre les islamistes dont beaucoup étaient financés par Ryad.

MBS considère dès lors qu’Hariri, son pion sunnite à Beyrouth, ne peut plus exercer le pouvoir de façon crédible face à un Hezbollah qui est clairement un Etat dans l’Etat. Le Président chrétien Michel Aoun étant lui-même proche des chiites et de Damas, il est devenu nécesssaire de mettre fin à la caution saoudienne.

C’est un signal clair envoyé à Téhéran et le pauvre Liban se retrouve une fois de plus le jouet de conflits qui le dépassent.

Personne ne sait comment cette nouvelle crise institutionnelle va se terminer mais une chose est certaine, c’est bien la rivalité Ryad-Téhéran qui est au coeur de l’actualité du Proche-Orient.

Le conflit entre les sunnites et les chiites ne connait décidément aucun répit.

Antoine de Lacoste

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