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Non, l’espérance de vie n’est pas corollée au PIB… - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Le lieu commun veut que plus un pays est riche, meilleure est la santé de ses habitants. Or, il n’en est rien, bien au contraire. Un nombre considérable de pays, et non des moindres, ont un état de santé publique anormalement bas par rapport à leur richesse et inversement. Car comme disait le Dalaï-Lama : « L’être humain perd sa santé à gagner de l’argent et par la suite, il perd son argent à se refaire une santé… ». Les pays riches connaissent les accidents de la route, la drogue, le stress, les suicides. « Il n’y a pas de suicide au Sahel » chantait Jean-Jacques Goldmann. « Se suicider, c’est une préoccupation d’ados de pays riches. Dans les pays pauvres, ils sont trop occupés à chercher à manger » analysait à juste titre Philippe Randa il y a quelques années lors du suicide de deux adolescentes à Ajaccio.

Le monde peut être ainsi divisé en neuf strates, quatre concernant des pays « anormalement bas en niveau espérance de vie », une conforme au PIB, et quatre concernant des pays « à l’espérance de vie plus élevée que leur richesse ne le suppose », chaque strate correspondant à une couleur :

  • Ecarlate : rapport PIB/espérance de vie anormalement bas : Russie, Trinité & Tobago, Nigeria, Gabon, Guinée Equatoriale, Arabie Saoudite, Koweït, Angola, Botswana, Afrique du Sud, Swaziland, Qatar, Turkménistan. Il est intéressant de noter que la quasi-totalité de ces pays ont une richesse dépendante des hydrocarbures, sauf le Botswana et l’Afrique du Sud qui dépendent des diamants et le Swaziland des mines…
  • Rouge : rapport PIB/espérance de vie très bas : Guyana, Namibie, Côte d’Ivoire, Kazakhstan et Lituanie.
  • Orange : rapport PIB/espérance de vie bas : Etats-Unis, Surinam, Lettonie, Cameroun, Lesotho, Irak, Emirats Arabes Unis, Brunei et Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée.
  • Jaune : rapport PIB/espérance de vie légèrement bas: Bélize, République Dominicaine, Venezuela, Irlande, Norvège, Danemark, Luxembourg, Tchad, Soudan, Israël et Bahreïn.
  • Blanc : rapport PIB/espérance de vie équivalent : Canada, Guatemala, Brésil, Uruguay, Argentine, Islande, Royaume-Uni, Suède, Finlande, Estonie, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Allemagne, Suisse, Autriche, Tchéquie, Slovaquie, Slovénie, Hongrie, Roumanie, Bulgarie, Kosovo, Turquie, Chypre, Andorre, Mauritanie, Mali, Gambie, Guinée Bissau, Sierra Leone, Congo, Centrafrique, Libye, Egypte, Kenya, Tanzanie, Zambie, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Djibouti, Jordanie, Oman, Bangladesh, Mongolie, Laos, Malaisie, Singapour, Indonésie, Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Philippines et Timor oriental.
  • Vert : rapport PIB/espérance de vie légèrement haut : Salvador, Panama, Colombie, Bolivie, Portugal, France, Italie, Pologne, Malte, Grèce, Liban, Guinée, Togo, République Démocratique du Congo, Soudan du Sud, Ouganda, Burundi, Malawi, Azerbaïdjan, Ouzbékistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Inde, Chine, Bhoutan, Thaïlande, Japon et Corée du Sud.
  • Bleu ciel : rapport PIB/espérance de vie haut : Mexique, Haïti, Pérou, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Chili, Espagne, Croatie, Monténégro, Serbie, Ukraine, Géorgie, Yémen, Liberia, Niger, Erythrée, Ethiopie, Sri Lanka et Myanmar.
  • Bleu : rapport PIB/espérance de vie très haut : Equateur, Macédoine, Tunisie, Sénégal, Rwanda, Iran, Sri Lanka et Cambodge.
  • Bleu marine : rapport PIB/espérance de vie anormalement haut : Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaïque, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Albanie, Moldavie, Arménie, Maroc, Algérie, Madagascar, Tadjikistan, Kirghizistan, Népal et Vietnam.
  • Gris : données non disponibles : Cuba, Somalie, Syrie et Corée du Nord.

Hristo XIEP

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