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Mentana, une victoire mémorable des Zouaves pontificaux - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Patrick Nouaille-Degorce et Laurent Gruaz sont deux docteurs en histoire qui ont étudié avec attention l’histoire des Zouaves pontificaux. Le premier avait d’ailleurs consacré sa thèse de doctorat aux Volontaires de l’Ouest dans la guerre de 1870-1871 et rappelé le rôle des anciens Zouaves pontificaux dans ce conflit. Le second avait rédigé sa thèse sur les Officiers français des Zouaves pontificaux.

Les éditions Edilys ont eu l’excellente idée de rassembler en une petite plaquette très soignée et illustrée deux articles de ces historiens traitant chacun d’événements de l’année 1867 qui concernent les Zouaves pontificaux.

La première partie de cet ouvrage est consacrée à la bataille de Mentana qui se termine par une victoire des troupes de l’Etat Pontifical contre les troupes révolutionnaires de Garibaldi. Cette victoire militaire offrira un sursis de trois ans à l’Etat Pontifical.

A la suite de la bataille de Mentana, le gouvernement italien désarme les Chemises rouges repliées sur son territoire et fait interner Garibaldi et ses fils dans la forteresse de Varignano, puis les assigne à résidence dans l’île de Caprera. C’en est fini du rôle du mouvement révolutionnaire garibaldien. Les populations ne sont plus soumises aux réquisitions et aux exactions de toutes sortes et les couvents ne sont plus rançonnés. Bien sûr, les Carbonari et francs-maçons se remettront rapidement à l’œuvre. Mais en attendant, ce haut fait d’armes des troupes pontificales est célébré par toute la Chrétienté et Pie IX fait ériger un monument à la mémoire de ces braves.

Le récit de cette bataille n’est donc pas anodin. L’auteur rappelle aussi le jeu trouble de Napoléon III.

La seconde partie de l’ouvrage est consacrée au lâche attentat terroriste commis par des révolutionnaires le 22 octobre 1867. L’explosion se fit au sein de l’ancien palais Serristori, du nom d’une ancienne et noble famille toscane, qui servait de logement aux Zouaves pontificaux. 25 Zouaves furent tués dans l’attentat et une dizaine d’autres furent blessés.

Le même jour, les garibaldiens tentent une insurrection qui devait fournir au gouvernement italien un prétexte plausible pour envoyer des troupes rétablir l’ordre. Mais les troupes pontificales vont admirablement maîtriser la situation et réprimer avec bravoure les différentes attaques.

Mentana, Patrick Nouaille-Degorce + L’attentat de la caserne Serristori, Laurent Gruaz, éditions Edilys, 92 pages, 9 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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