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lang="fr-FR"> Made in Romania : une industrie en plein développement - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Made in Romania : une industrie en plein développement

Dans l’inconscient collectif, la Roumanie est le pays de la pauvreté. Cependant, on constate depuis 2014 l’amorce d’un décollage économique. En 2017, tous les indicateurs économiques sont au vert : la balance commerciale est positive pour la première fois depuis la chute du régime communiste. L’excédent commercial est de près de 3 milliards $ alors que le déficit commercial était de 27,6 milliards en 2008. La croissance du PIB pour 2016 a été de 5 %, plaçant la Roumanie au 41e rang mondial.  Quant au chômage, il est de 5,4 %. Dépourvu de ressources naturelles depuis l’assèchement des puits de pétrole de Ploiesti, la Roumanie s’est progressivement industrialisation grâce à sa main d’œuvre bon marché, qui a amené nombre de délocalisation.

Mais qu’exporte-donc la Roumanie pour être devenue excédentaire ? Quel est pour chaque pays d’Europe le produit acheté le plus en Roumanie. La Roumanie exporte encore des produits agricoles, dans ce qui est encore ses productions fortes.  11e productrice mondiale de maïs (et 3e d’Europe derrière l’Ukraine et la France), la Roumanie en vend principalement à l’Irlande. Les graines de tournesol, dont la Roumanie est 3e productrice mondiale derrière l’Ukraine et la Chine, sont demandées par le Portugal et les Pays-Bas. Pays balkanique, la Roumanie exporte bien évidemment du tabac, à destination de l’Italie et de la Lettonie. Elle exporte également des bovins vers la Croatie.

L’industrie roumaine se diversifie au fil des ans. Bien entendu, la plus connue est l’industrie automobile, avec la filiale de Renault, Dacia créée par la marque au losange à l’époque du régime communiste pour construire des Renault 12 sous licence.  Plusieurs pays européens font des voitures leur premier achat en Roumanie : Islande, Belgique, Luxembourg, France, Suisse et Turquie. Qui dit voitures dit également pièces détachées, principal produit Made in Romania acquis par l’Allemagne, la Russie, la Serbie et l’Espagne ; et bien entendu camions, qui sont vendus en Slovénie. La Roumanie dispose aussi de chantiers navals et ses cargos sont vendus en Norvège.

La Roumanie a aussi une industrie du câble électrique visiblement de renommée européenne, puisque c’est le principal achat du Royaume-Uni, de la Finlande, de la République Tchèque, de la Slovaquie, de la Hongrie et de la Macédoine. L’industrie pharmaceutique roumaine a les faveurs de la Belarus, de la Lituanie, et du Kazakhstan. L’Estonie achète ses téléphones en Roumanie, pendant que la Suède y achète des compteurs. Pays remplaçant le Portugal dans l’inconscient collectif comme « pays des femmes de ménage », la Roumanie a une industrie de produits de nettoyage prisée par l’Albanie et le Monténégro

L’industrie textile roumaine exporte dans plusieurs pays. Ses costumes pour hommes fait le bonheur du Danemark, ses chaussures de sports sont prisées en Autriche, ses produits textiles en général sont ce que la Pologne et la Bosnie achètent le plus.

Même si les gisements de pétrole roumain sont quasiment à sec, il reste encore les 4 raffineries de Ploiesti qui, modernisée, fournissement du pétrole raffiné à la Grèce, la Bulgarie, l’Ukraine, la Moldavie et la Géorgie.

Hristo XIEP

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