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lang="fr-FR"> Louis XI (Joël Blanchard) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Louis XI (Joël Blanchard)

Joël Blanchard, professeur émérite à l’université du Maine, est un médiéviste français spécialisé dans le Moyen Âge tardif. Il est l’auteur de plusieurs ouvrages de référence sur le XIVème et XVème siècles.

L’histoire du règne de Louis XI est contrastée. L’entame du règne est difficile. Louis XI avait pris des initiatives fortes en Dauphiné, qui supposaient un esprit structuré. Il les reproduit à grande échelle avec un volontarisme forcené. Le résultat n’est pas toujours concluant : il chasse le personnel politique en place, mettant fin à une sorte de stabilité coutumière que l’on observait dès le règne de Charles VI. L’erreur va lui coûter cher et le rendre vulnérable pendant la crise du Bien public. Les brutaux changements d’alliance ne lui réussiront pas mieux : il joue la mauvaise carte avec Warwick. Il se trompe carrément de stratégie à propos de la succession bourguignonne. Il multiplie les incohérences en Espagne. Avec Jean II, il trouve plus fort que lui. Mais il a l’intelligence de ne pas s’obstiner. Quand on lui résiste, il ne va pas plus loin.

Imprévisible et opportuniste, telle est la politique de Louis XI. Dans le domaine financier, c’est flagrant : la fuite en avant, les dérapages le conduisent au bord du gouffre. Une part essentielle de son action est dictée par les contraintes extérieures (guerres avec l’Angleterre, la Bourgogne, etc) ou intérieures (Bien public). Mais il trouve un havre de paix dans d’innombrables pèlerinages.

C’est dans le domaine judiciaire que Louis XI affirme au mieux sa pratique de la souveraineté. Voilà un des aspects les plus inédits du règne que les documents récemment publiés mettent en lumière. On est impressionné par cette rafale de procès politiques qui scandent les dix dernières années de son règne.

Louis XI rappelle Philippe le Bel par bien des côtés : l’interventionnisme, le recours à une fiscalité extraordinaire, des relations âpres avec le clergé,…

Mais l’auteur note aussi chez Louis XI la ferveur des prières quotidiennes, le flamboiement d’une dévotion zélée, qui inscrivent le roi dans le long terme, dans une tradition séculaire de la royauté sacrée.

Louis XI, Joël Blanchard, éditions Perrin, 371 pages, 24 euros

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