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L'exosquelette pour tous ? - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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D’abord conçu dans le cadre de la recherche militaire, l’exosquelette fait l’objet de multiples spéculations sur ses utilisations futures dans les domaines les plus variés.

L’exosquelette est une armature mobile fournissant l’essentiel d’un effort à la place de l’homme qui la fixe à son corps. Dans le cadre militaire, l’exosquelette est envisagé pour permettre à un soldat de porter des charges bien supérieures au poids habituellement supportable, mais aussi de permettre à un soldat de se déplacer même s’il est blessé. Dans les versions futuristes les plus imaginatives, l’exosquelette serait même doté d’armes impressionnantes dignes d’un film de science-fiction. Mais la science-fiction n’est-elle pas souvent de la simple anticipation ?

A la suite des armées, les polices sont également les cibles des recherches en matière d’exosquelette.

Mais les chercheurs ont rapidement perçu l’intérêt financier d’adapter le principe de l’exosquelette au monde civil.

L’exosquelette pourrait ainsi permettre à des personnes invalides de retrouver une certaine mobilité en position debout.

Dans l’industrie, l’exosquelette pourrait aussi permettre aux ouvriers de transporter des poids importants.

Ces jours-ci, on apprend que trois firmes nippones se préparent à commercialiser un exosquelette spécifiquement dédié au travail agricole, afin de répondre au problème du vieillissement qui progresse dans les campagnes japonaises.

L’ossature équipée de capteurs de mouvements et de micromoteurs placés au niveau des articulations des coudes et de genoux est destinée à soulager les mouvements d’agriculteurs japonais dont la moyenne d’âge est désormais de 67 ans. Une seconde ossature est prévue pour les travaux en position accroupie. Des lunettes google Glass viennent compléter le dispositif afin de surveiller en temps réel l’état de santé des agriculteurs, et de pouvoir adapter les pauses en conséquence.

Cependant, ces exosquelettes, développés par le professeur Shigeki Toyama, de l’université d’agriculture et de technologie de Tokyo, sont jugés trop lourds (plus de 20 kilos) et trop coûteux pour rencontrer un véritable succès.

La société Kubota propose un modèle alternatif de 3,8 kilos fonctionnant comme un tuteur qui soutient le haut du corps pour éviter les courbatures au niveau du cou et des épaules. Mais il a d’autres défauts : sans moteur ni batteries lourdes, cet exosquelette n’apporte d’aide que dans peu de tâches agricoles.

L’exosquelette pour tous, ce n’est pas encore pour demain.

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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