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Les tensions en Ukraine font le bonheur des spéculateurs du marché des céréales - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Parmi les éléments liés à la situation ukrainienne, il en est un sous-estimé : l’Ukraine est le sixième exportateur mondial de blé et le troisième exportateur mondial de maïs. Et les tensions entre l’Ukraine et la Russie ont d’excellentes conséquences pour les spéculateurs du marché mondial des céréales. A la bourse de Chicago, le prix du blé s’est envolé, augmentant de 30 % en trois mois.

Le marché mondial des céréales se partage essentiellement entre quatre géants du trading des matières premières agricoles, Quatre géants surnommés les ABCD

A pour Archer Daniels Midland. Cette multinationale fondée en 1902 par George A, Archer est le cinquième plus grand groupe alimentaire (selon les chiffres d’affaires de 2011) derrière Nestlé, PepsiCo, Kraft Foods et Coca-Cola Company.

B pour Bunge. Ce groupe dont le siège social est à New York a été fondé en 1818 par Johann Peter Gotlieb Bunge. Son chiffre d’affaires pour 2008 était de 52,57 milliards de dollars.

C pour Cargill. Il s’agit de la plus importante société non cotée des Etats-Unis, avec un chiffre d’affaires de 120 milliards de dollars en 2010. Le groupe, fondé en 1865 et présent dans 62 pays, est considéré comme l’un des responsables majeurs de la crise alimentaire mondiale en raison de ses activités de spéculation dénoncées notamment par Jean Ziegler, ancien rapporteur spécial au Conseil des droits de l’homme à l’ONU pour les questions alimentaires. Le groupe est également actif dans le domaine pharmaceutique, l’électricité, le gaz et la gestion des risques financiers.

D pour Dreyfus de Louis-Dreyfus Commodities. Cette multinationale fondée en 1853 par Léopold Louis-Dreyfus est présente dans 53 pays et annonçait pour 2011 un chiffre d’affaires de 59,6 milliards de dollars. La famille Dreyfus (devenue Louis-Dreyfus par décret en Conseil d’Etat) avait contribué au financement initial du journal L’Humanité en 1904. Le groupe est également actif dans l’industrie des biocarburants, du fret maritime, des métaux et des instruments financiers.

Ces quatre empires se répartissent les trois-quart des échanges de blé, de soja et de maïs de la planète. Ils sont des champions de la spéculation à qui profitent aussi bien les conflits que les catastrophes climatologiques. Les famines de 2008 avaient été accompagnées d’une hausse du prix des céréales et Cargill avait pu annoncer à ses actionnaires une augmentation des bénéfices de 69 %. Les sécheresses en Russie et en Argentine, il y a quatre ans, avaient fait monter de 30 % l’action de Bunge. Le malheur des uns fait le bonheur des autres. Ces spéculateurs peuvent se frotter les mains : la situation en Ukraine fait leurs affaires…

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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