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Les modifications du génome : verses et controverses - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Les CRISPR Ca sont de véritables « couteaux génétiques » permettant de modifier les chaînes d’ADN, donc les gènes. Leur utilisation est facile. Leur découverte en a été faite en 2012 par une Française du nom d’Emmanuelle Charpentier travaillant à Umeá en Suède et associée à une Américaine du nom de Jennifer Dudna. Elle permet d’inactiver un gène, de le modifier en le cassant, d’apporter du matériel génétique extérieur. Le but est de soigner les maladies génétiques en modifiant les gènes, en les réparant. Mais par exemple il est possible d’intervenir sur les végétaux pour modifier, améliorer ou protéger les espèces. Bien sûr l’usage des CRISPR présente un risque de dérive eugénique. Un rapport parlementaire qui vient de paraître constate que la France a pris du retard sur cette question. Il vise à pousser les recherches sur cette technique dans notre pays. Mais il s’oppose (pour l’instant) à une modification du génome des cellules germinales (spermatozoïdes et ovules) dans l’esprit du transhumanisme ; celui-ci en effet vise à développer un surhomme (dit homme augmenté H+) par ce type de technique. D’ailleurs la Convention d’Oviedo élaborée il y a dix ans interdit de s’attaquer à l’embryon pour le modifier ; ceci  en dehors des indications thérapeutiques comme par exemple le traitement des myopathies ou la mucoviscidose.  

Or un certain nombre de chercheurs ont passé outre. À chaque fois la Fondation Lejeune a porté plainte (40) , ce qui a eu pour effet de bloquer un certain nombre de recherches sur l’embryon. Aujourd’hui 30 mars nous apprenons que 150 chercheurs et médecins ont écrit une tribune dans Le Monde dénoncent cet état des choses. Ils s’en prennent à l’action générale de la Fondation Lejeune en l’accusant de se mêler de politique notamment par sa lutte contre l’avortement. On trouve bien sûr en tête le très toxique Frydman  « père scientifique du premier bébé-éprouvette français » comme il est dit partout et ce qui est faux. La première fécondation in vitro a été effectuée en 1982 par le Pr Testard ; Frydman ayant simplement fait l’accouchement que n’importe quelle sage-femme aurait pu pratiquer. Ces médecins demandent que la Fondation perde son statut de reconnaissance d’utilité publique obtenu en 1996 (possibilité de recevoir des legs).

Jean-Pierre Dickès

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