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lang="fr-FR"> Les hommes-animaux du Dr Moreau - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site iconSite icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Les hommes-animaux du Dr Moreau

Tout le monde connaît plus ou moins le récit de science-fiction rédigé par H.G.  Wells publié en 1896 et appelé L’île du Docteur Moreau. Ce savant-fou a mis au point des êtres vivants, mélanges d’hommes et d’animaux.

Depuis une quinzaine d’années se pratiquent des xénogreffes, c’est-à-dire la transplantation d’un greffon d’une espèce animale sur l’homme. La plus connue est l’implantation de valvules cardiaques de porcs qui donnent d’excellents résultats. En effet apparemment les phénomènes de rejets de tissus venant de cet organisme différent de celui de l’homme est moindre. Il peut être mieux maîtrisé et peut pallier au manque de cœurs à greffer.

Le magazine américain Express du 6 juin explique que des savants du Minnesota injectent dans des embryons de porcs, des cellules souches humaines dites iPS et prélevées dans la peau du sujet qui est à soigner ; ceci afin de produire des chimères. Ce type d’hybrides de l’animal de l’homme sont appelés en France du nom de « cybrides » et pourraient servir de réserves d’organes. Ceci nous évoque bien sûr la fameuse île du Dr Moreau avec ses hommes-animaux.

La question qui se pose est que ces créatures peuvent tout à fait avoir un cerveau humain par migrations de cellules cérébrales humaines vers le cerveau du fœtus de porc. Ces êtres hybrides seraient amenés à être dépecés alors qu’ils ont une intelligence humaine. En effet le but est de prélever des pancréas, des cœurs, foies, reins, poumons et cornées qui ne seraient pas rejetés par l’organisme receveur ; lequel a fourni la cellule souche bien sûr immuno-compatibles.

À ce jour les hybridations hommes-porc ont été autorisées par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dans le but d’être développés durant 62 jours ;  la durée de la grossesse porcine étant de 114 jours. Le Pr Low qui diligente l’expérience examinera alors le cerveau de ces fœtus pour voir s’ils ne sont pas humains. Si c’était le cas, ils seraient détruits.

Il est évident que ce type de recherche pose des problèmes moraux graves que ne s’est pas posé le Dr Moreau (sans jeu de mot). Ces êtres par exemple auraient-ils des droits, pourraient-ils voter ou être baptisés ? Ross de l’Université de San Francisco ne pense pas que ces hybrides pourraient avoir un cerveau humain. De même, Walter Low qui diligente cette recherche dans le service de neurochirurgie de l’université du Minnesota. Si c’était le cas, les chimères ne seraient plus chimériques.

Mais le plus simple n’est-il pas tout simplement d’orienter les recherches vers la transformation des cellules iPS de la peau en organes comme cela se fait désormais dans le monde entier ?      Dr

Jean-Pierre Dickès

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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