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L'épopée sibérienne : la Russie à la conquête de la Sibérie et du Grand Nord (Eric Hoesli) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Eric Hoesli, ancien rédacteur en chef des médias suisses l’Hebdo et Le Temps, est professeur à l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne et à l’Université de Genève où il dirige un programme commun aux deux institutions, consacré au monde russe.

Avec son livre L’épopée sibérienne, il nous offre une fresque épique qui débute au milieu du XVIe siècle avec les Stroganov, une famille de marchands à l’ascension fulgurante, et au mieux avec le tsar Ivan le Terrible. Dans les régions russes les plus proches de la frontière, où vivent les Stroganov, l’outre-Oural est nommé « Iougra » et son cœur, situé juste de l’autre côté des cols, « Sibir » ou « Siber ». L’appellation est relevée pour la première fois sur les cartes occidentales des années 1560, dont les auteurs anglais ou néerlandais collectent avec frénésie les informations rapportées par les voyageurs. Elle deviendra Sibérie. Mais cette Sibérie est un verrou dont la clé est encore aux mains des Tatars. Le métropolite Makaire va encourager le tsar a y mener une croisade et lever l’étendard de la Chrétienté contre de le drapeau vert de l’Islam. Ivan le Terrible va jeter son armée contre la capitale du royaume tatar de Kazan, dont les minarets élancés dépassent les murailles. En 1552, la capitale tatare finit par tomber. L’armée russe poursuit sa lancée et, quatre ans plus tard, le khanat d’Astrakhan tombe à son tour.

La Volga est désormais en mains russes jusqu’à son embouchure dans la mer Caspienne. C’est un changement d’échelle et de perspectives dans l’histoire de la Russie. Les Russes vont passer l’Oural et s’élancer jusqu’au « Grand Océan », à la rencontre du Soleil levant. Puis ils vont lancer la première expédition du Kamtchatka. Elle sera suivie par la ruée des trappeurs russes en direction de l’Amérique et des côtes de l’Alaska. L’Alaska qui finira vendue !

Ce livre se lit comme un roman d’aventures mais il s’agit bien d’un livre d’histoire qui nous emporte à travers les siècles, nous fait emprunter le Transsibérien et nous plonge dans l’enfer des mines sibériennes devenues la plus vaste prison du monde jusqu’à l’affaissement du Goulag.

Un ouvrage monumental et passionnant !

L’épopée sibérienne, Eric Hoesli, éditions des Syrtes, 896 pages, 33 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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