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Le tournant de la Régence (Marion Sigaut) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Marion Sigaut est une historienne bien connue de nos lecteurs, spécialisée dans l’histoire de France au XVIIIe siècle.

Son livre Le tournant de la Régence examine cette période qui dure à peine huit ans, de 1715 à 1723, et va marquer un basculement irréversible conduisant inexorablement à la Révolution.

Avant même l’ouverture du testament du roi Louis XIV, Philippe d’Orléans demandait aux juges de lui donner pleine autorité, en échange de quoi il leur accorderait ce que le défunt roi avait combattu de toute sa force. L’affaire était entendue, Philippe serait régent, quoi qu’en ait voulu le roi. Les juges, à qui Philippe d’Orléans venait de promettre de recouvrer le droit de remontrance et la réhabilitation des jansénistes, cassèrent le testament de Louis XIV dans le sens qui les arrangeait.

S’ensuivit un bouleversement religieux. Les juges commencèrent à s’immiscer dans les affaires religieuses sur tout le territoire. Le pape avait, par une bulle, considéré le jansénisme comme hérétique. Mais les parti janséniste, les juges et la Sorbonne firent coalition contre cette bulle. Le parlement les soutint.

Le second bouleversement fut financier. Le Régent fit appel aux services d’un étranger, l’écossais John Law, qui proposait d’ouvrir une banque d’Etat, la Banque générale. Le 4 décembre 1718, la Banque générale devint la Banque royale dont Law était directeur. C’est sous son impulsion que l’habitude fut prise de payer en papier et non plus en numéraire. Le 1er janvier 1719, toujours sous l’impulsion de ce John Law, les autorités interdirent les paiements en pièces de cuivre ou d’argent au-delà d’un montant très limité. Le public alla donc échanger ses pièces de cuivre et d’argent contre des billets de papier. Ensuite, Law introduisit la spéculation à grande échelle. Les souscripteurs d’actions se pressèrent. Le bénéficiaire principal en était… John Law. Il s’agissait d’une des premières grandes bulles financières. Pour enrayer la baisse inexorable des titres, Law fit interdire de détenir chez soi de l’or ou de l’argent sauf permissions spéciales. La spoliation devint manifeste. Le récit de cette vaste escroquerie est saisissant.

L’ouvrage détaille également les ravages de la peste qui causa une véritable hécatombe.

Le livre se termine sur l’affaire scandaleuse du duc de la Force et sur le total relâchement des mœurs sous la régence.

Le tournant de la Régence, Marion Sigaut, éditions Kontre Kulture, 230 pages, 16 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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