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lang="fr-FR"> Le retour de l'Iran - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Le retour de l’Iran

Depuis quelques mois, c’est en Orient que tout se passe.

Après la guerre en Syrie qui a marqué le retour de la Russie en tant que grande puissance et la guerre des prix du pétrole qui ébranle les marchés mondiaux, voilà  l’ère du renouveau iranien qui s’ouvre.

Plusieurs facteurs ont concouru à ce changement dont les conséquences seront très importantes.

Avant tout, l’élection à la tête de l’Iran d’Hassan Rohani. Son parcours n’a pourtant rien de celui d’un modéré mais, après les années de plomb des deux mandats d’ Ahmadinejad, il a compris qu’il fallait sortir l’Iran de son isolement et de son appauvrissement progressif dû aux sanctions décidées par les Etats-Unis.

L’assouplissement américain

Ensuite, la fin du veto américain. Jusqu’à présent l’Amérique veillait jalousement à étouffer l’économie iranienne. L’ affaiblissement de la grande puissance chiite était considérée comme prioritaire pour plusieurs raisons : la sûreté de l’Etat d Israël qui passe par l’affaiblissement méthodique de ses voisins (seule l’Arabie Saoudite fait exception), la suprématie régionale de l’Arabie Saoudite qui ne doit pas être gênée par son rival iranien, la mise en place de freins incontournables aux échanges irano-européens, traditionnellement importants, enfin la vengeance de l’humiliation, jamais oubliée,   de l’interminable prise d’otages à l’ambassade américaine en 1979. L’administration Bush fut le fer de lance de cette doctrine sous l’influence de Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld et Paul Wolfowitz, les pions avancés  des fameux néos conservateurs dont les idées bellicistes s’imposèrent alors.

Avec Obama, tout cela a progressivement changé; l’opinion américaine s’est lassée de ces multiples interventions extérieures qui devaient apporter démocratie et liberté aux peuples opprimés, mais n’engendrait que le chaos. Les échecs subis en Afghanistan et les conséquences catastrophiques de l’intervention en Irak ont justifié le choix d’Obama de changer de stratégie : moins d’intervention, dialogue avec la Russie et maintenant normalisation des relations avec l’Iran.

Le rôle de la Russie

La Russie est très liée à l’Iran et a tout de suite soutenu son initiative d’ouverture. Le très habile Lavrov, Ministre des Affaires étrangères, sut à la fois convaincre les Iraniens de renoncer clairement au nucléaire et apprivoiser John Kerry dont les positions se sont assouplies au fil des semaines. Il n’a ainsi plus été question d’exiger de Téhéran qu’elle cesse d’intervenir en Syrie, ce qui fut pourtant un préalable au début des discussions.

Il ne restait plus qu’à marginaliser Laurent Fabius, dont les violentes positions anti-iraniennes étaient un frein à un accord. Il fut finalement lâché par Hollande sous la pression des milieux économiques qui piaffaient d’impatience pour revenir sur le vaste marché iranien.

Après la Syrie, c’est la deuxième déconvenue majeure pour notre ineffable ministre dont on peut de ce fait espérer un départ prochain.

Ce retour de l’Iran, s’il se confirme, est une bonne nouvelle : il permettra notamment un rééquilibrage des forces de la Région au détriment des sunnites, qui, faut-il le rappeler, sont les principaux responsables de l’émergence de l’Etat Islamique.

Antoine de Lacoste

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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