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Le pétrole revient à son niveau de 2014 - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Après une chute pendant 2 ans, les cours du pétrole ont connu une remontée en 2018 à 78.1 $ le baril (1 baril = 159 litres de pétrole = 127 kg), retrouvant les cours du 1er décembre 2014 alors qu’il dégringolait de 105.5 $ le 16 juin 2014 jusqu’à 28.75 $ le 8 février 2016.

On est loin de ses cours historiques : en 1960, il fallait 1,63 $ pour acheter un baril. En 1965, le cours tombe à 1,42. En 1970 à 1,21. Les multinationales pétrolières sont au bord de la faillite. Elles supplient le sultan saoudien de remonter les cours en baissant la production. Refus. Le souverain arabe sera assassiné par son neveu, formé en Grande-Bretagne où il découvrira le marxisme… En 1975, les cours grimpent à 10,4 $. Mais la hausse ne suffit pas aux multinationales. Même demande faite au Shah d’Iran. Même refus. Quelques semaines plus tard, il est renversé par Khomeiny. En 1980, le baril monte à 35 $. En 1985, il retombe à 27 $, 22 $ en 1990. La société Aramco demande une renégociation de son contrat d’exploitation des puits koweïtiens. Echec sur l’attribution des royalites, April Catherine Glapsie, ambassadrice à Bagdad, déclare que les Etats-Unis se désintéressent du Koweït. Invasion irakienne. Guerre du Golfe. En 1995, le pétrole tombe à 17 $. Menace de fermeture des puits américains. Deuxième guerre du Golfe. Et les cours remontent gentiment : 50 $ en 2005, 77 $ en 2010, 107 $ en 2011, 109 $ en 2012… Les cours devenant trop haut et menaçant la croissance de nombreuses nations émergeantes (et rendant la Chine et l’Inde très chatouilleuses sur la question), le balancier repart en marche arrière : 105 $ en 2013, 96 $ en 2014, 49 $ en 2015, 40 $ en 2016… Puis, nouvelle remontée : 51 $ en 2017 et donc 78.1 $ à ce jour.

Les réserves de pétroles mondiales en milliards de barils donnent des indications intéressantes permettant de comprendre l’actualité :

Venezuela : 300.8 milliards

Arabie Saoudite : 266.4

Canada: 169.7

Iran: 158.4

Irak: 142.5

Koweït : 101.5

Emirats Arabes Unis 97.8

Russie : 80

Libye: 48

Nigéria: 37.1

Etats-Unis : 35

Kazakhstan: 30

Jadis, il y avait dans les campagnes le bâton de coudrier (noisetier) : là où il bougeait, il y avait de l’eau. Aujourd’hui, c’est le fusil d’assaut : là où il crépite, il y a du pétrole…

Hristo XIEP

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