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Le mensonge de la « colonisation pillage » (Bernard Lugan) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Le mensonge de la « colonisation-pillage » repose sur l’idée que ce serait grâce aux colonies que l’Europe se serait enrichie.
Si ce postulat était vérifié, la richesse se mesurerait alors à l’aune des immensités impériales de jadis. Le Portugal qui n’a décolonisé qu’en 1975, devrait donc être une grande puissance industrielle mondiale et l’Allemagne qui a perdu ses colonies en 1918, une sorte de pays du tiers-monde…
Or, jusqu’à ces dernières années, les pays les plus riches et les plus développés étaient au contraire ceux qui n’avaient jamais eu d’empire colonial, comme les Etats-Unis, la Suède et la Suisse, ou ceux qui avaient eu la « chance » de le perdre « tôt » comme l’Allemagne en 1914-1918 ou la Hollande au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale.
En revanche, la Grande-Bretagne et la France, qui étaient les deux principales puissances coloniales étaient à la traîne. Elles l’étaient car des sommes colossales avaient été dilapidées outre-mer, ce qui avait freiné la modernisation et la mutation des industries et des équipements métropolitains.

Contrairement à ce que postulait Jules Ferry, les colonies furent, en effet, loin d’être « une bonne affaire », sauf pour quelques secteurs, le plus souvent moribonds, de l’économie française.
En France, ce fut un journaliste, Raymond Cartier, qui osa le premier, en 1956, enfreindre le tabou de l’unanimisme colonial en écrivant dans l’hebdomadaire Paris Match :

« La Hollande a perdu ses Indes orientales dans les pires conditions et il a suffi de quelques années pour qu’elle connaisse plus d’activité et de bien-être qu’autrefois. Elle ne serait peut-être pas dans la même situation si, au lieu d’assécher son Zuiderzee et de moderniser ses usines, elle avait dû construire des chemins de fer à Java, couvrir Sumatra de barrages, subventionner les clous de girofle des Moluques et payer des allocations familiales aux polygames de Bornéo. »

Après le second conflit mondial, les colonies étaient devenues à la fois un poids économique insupportable pour les métropoles et un frein à leur redéploiement politique. Voilà pourquoi la décolonisation se fit.

Dans ses Mémoires d’espoir, le général De Gaulle a posé le problème quand, dans son style si particulier, il parlait à la fois du tonneau des Danaïdes colonial et de l’incompatibilité des cultures :

« En reprenant la direction de la France, j’étais résolu à la dégager des astreintes désormais sans contrepartie que lui imposait son Empire (…) des charges que nous coûtaient nos colonies (…) et de ce qu’il nous fallait dépenser pour entretenir et encadrer (la) vie lente et reléguée (de ses populations) (…) gageure où, pour ne rien gagner nous avions tout à perdre ». (De Gaulle, Mémoires d’espoir, T.I, 1970, p.41). La manière avec laquelle le général de Gaulle donna l’indépendance à l’Algérie est une autre question.

Bernard Lugan

Blog : bernard-lugan.com

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