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Le bilan migratoire des pays d’Afrique en 2017 - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Comme nous l’avons vu pour l’Europe et l’Amérique, voici les dernières données du World Factbook de la CIA publiées le 16 janvier 2018 sur l’amplitude migratoire des états africains :

Pays au solde migratoire positif :

  • Accroissement de plus de 0,6 % : Soudan du Sud (+ 1,17 %).
  • Accroissement de plus de 0,4 % : Djibouti (+ 0,57).
  • Accroissement de plus de 0,2 % : Botswana (+ 0,3).
  • Accroissement de moins de 0,2 % : Libye (+ 0,19), Seychelles (+ 0,11), Rwanda (+ 0,02) et Angola (+ 0,02).

Pays au solde équilibré : Zambie, Bénin, Burundi, Centrafrique, Guinée Equatoriale, Guinée, Côte d’Ivoire, Madagascar, Malawi, Ile Maurice, Guinée Bissau, Sainte-Hélène, Ascension & Tristan da Cunha, Togo, Burkina Faso, Namibie et Swaziland.

Pays au solde migratoire négatif :

  • Diminution de moins de 0,2 % : Gambie (- 0,19), Mozambique (- 0,19), Ghana (- 0,18), Tunisie (- 0,17), Sénégal (- 0,15), Algérie (- 0,09), Afrique du Sud (- 0,09), Mauritanie (- 0,08), Ouganda (- 0,07), Cap Vert (- 0,06), Niger (- 0,05), Egypte (- 0,05), Tanzanie (- 0,05), République Démocratique du Congo (-0,02), Kenya (- 0,02), Ethiopie (- 0,02) Nigeria (- 0,02) et Cameroun (- 0,01).
  • Diminution de plus de 0,2 % : Mali (- 0,39), Congo (- 0,38), Tchad (- 0,32), Maroc (- 0,32), Comores (- 0,24), Sierra Leone (- 0,21) et Gabon (- 0,2).
  • Diminution de plus de 0,4 % : Liberia (- 0,57) et Soudan (- 0,41).
  • Diminution de plus de 0,6 % : Erythrée (- 1,39), Zimbabwe (- 0,85), Sao Tome & Principe (- 0,83), Lesotho (- 0,68) et Somalie (- 0,65).

Il n’y a ni la Réunion, ni Mayotte, considérées comme partie intégrante de la France puisque départements d’Outre-mer. Les derniers chiffres disponibles sont de – 0,1 % pour la Réunion et de – 0,4 % pour Mayotte.

La tendance des pays par rapport au rapport du 1er janvier 2017 est variable (le chiffre correspond à celui du 1er janvier 2018 soustrait de celui du 1er janvier 2017) :

  • Intensification de l’accroissement : néant
  • Ralentissement de l’accroissement : Libye (- 0,19), Botswana (- 0,15), Rwanda (- 0,06), Soudan du Sud (- 0,04) et Djibouti (- 0,02).
  • Pays passé du déficit à l’excédent migratoire : Angola (+ 0,03).
  • Statut quo : Seychelles, Zambie, Bénin, Burundi, Centrafrique, Guinée Equatoriale, Guinée, Côte d’Ivoire, Madagascar, Malawi, Ile Maurice, Guinée Bissau, Sainte-Hélène, Togo, Burkina Faso, Namibie, Swaziland, Cameroun, Kenya, Ethiopie, Nigeria, République Démocratique du Congo, Tanzanie, Egypte, Niger, Cap Vert, Ouganda, Mauritanie, Afrique du Sud, Sénégal, Tunisie, Mozambique et Gabon.
  • Ralentissement de la diminution : Somalie (+ 0,1), Congo (+ 0,1), Erythrée (+ 0,08), Lesotho (+ 0,03), Sierra Leone (0,03), Sao Tome & Principe (0,02), Gambie (+ 0,01), Ghana (+ 0,01), Maroc (+ 0,01), Tchad (+ 0,01), Comores (+ 0,01) et Soudan (+ 0,01).
  • Intensification de la diminution : Mali (- 1,7), Zimbabwe (-0,85) et Liberia (- 0,57).

Notons qu’aucun pays d’accueil en Afrique ne voit accélérer le processus. Les mauvais chiffres du Mali sont dû aux départs de victimes de guerre, de même que l’incertitude politique a détérioré encore un peu plus la situation du Zimbabwe. L’Angola, stabilisé, redevient une terre d’asile alors que l’on assiste à une diminution de l’exil en Erythrée, en Somalie et au Congo.

Hristo XIEP

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