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lang="fr-FR"> L'avant-guerre de Vendée et les questions religieuses à l'Assemblée législative (Marie Breguet) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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L’avant-guerre de Vendée et les questions religieuses à l’Assemblée législative (Marie Breguet)

Marie Breguet s’est spécialisée dans l’étude de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle français. Elle a travaillé plusieurs années sur le personnel des Assemblées révolutionnaires et les débats parlementaires de 1789 à 1795.

Pourquoi la Vendée ou plus exactement le territoire de la Vendée militaire comprenant les Mauges dans le Maine-et-Loire, le Bressuirais dans les Deux-Sèvres, le Bocage Vendéen dans la Vendée, le Pays de Retz dans la Loire-Atlantique, se fait-elle remarquer dès 1791 à l’Assemblée constituante puis à l’Assemblée législative siégeant à Paris ? N’est-ce pas pour son opposition à l’Eglise constitutionnelle ? N’est-ce pas essentiellement pour des questions religieuses ?

Le 12 juillet 1790, l’Assemblée nationale institue la Constitution civile du clergé, et le 29 novembre suivant, rend obligatoire le serment à la Constitution, y compris la Constitution civile du clergé, comme si elle voulait réformer la religion. En adoptant ces deux décrets, l’Assemblée nationale va créer les conditions d’une lutte ouverte et inévitable entre la Révolution et l’Eglise. La Révolution suscite un schisme en instaurant les prêtres constitutionnels, salariés et protégés par le gouvernement, tandis que les prêtres qui refusent le serment révolutionnaire doivent entrer en clandestinité. Or près de la moitié des prêtres rejette le serment. Les Constituants n’avaient pas prévu une telle résistance.

Ce livre examine comment une assemblée élue où siégeaient les représentants d’une France révolutionnaire mais encore liée à l’Ancien Régime, dans un pays majoritairement catholique, a pu se diriger vers la voie de la répression et de la persécution. Pourquoi a-t-elle renié le principe de liberté auquel elle semblait devoir être le plus attachée ? Pourquoi ébauche-t-elle déjà la politique de terreur ?

Le clergé qui refuse de se soumettre s’est trouvé ipso facto rangé dans les rangs de la Contre-Révolution, et avec lui les fidèles qui lui restent attachés. Les Français qui demeurent fidèles à la religion catholique, croyants et prêtres, sont qualifiés de fanatiques et d’aristocrates. Religion devient synonyme de fanatisme. Après ses deux veto aux décrets de persécution du clergé non assermenté, le roi est présenté comme le responsable d’un vaste complot antirévolutionnaire et les troubles du royaume sont imputés à sa complicité secrète avec un clergé rebelle. Dans le contexte de la guerre, le refus de prêter serment est assimilé à trahir l’Etat. Destruction de sanctuaires populaires, répressions de processions rurales et mise en clandestinité du clergé réfractaire n’ont fait qu’exalter la ferveur populaire. La Révolution s’était délibérément engagée dans la voie de la déchristianisation et de la Terreur.

Un ouvrage très instructif et très actuel.

L’avant-guerre de Vendée, Marie Breguet, éditions Téqui, 215 pages, 19 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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