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L’Amérique du Sud bascule à droite - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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La probable victoire du candidat de droite au Brésil, Jair Messias Bolsonaro (il est donné à 57 % dans les sondages du 22 octobre), qui serait ainsi le premier président de droite du Brésil depuis 1982, est la plus révélatrice du virage pris par le continent sud-américain en quelques mois. Le Brésil, qui avait autant de chance de passer à droite que la Turquie à gauche, est un maillon de plus qui saute dans le détricotage du pull-over rouge tel qu’il était tissé en 2013.

Comparons les situations, d’abord en 2013 (les étiquettes politiques sont celles d’Amérique du sud) :

– gauche (7) : Bolivie, Brésil, Equateur, Guyana, Pérou, Surinam, Venezuela

– centre-gauche (2) : Argentine, Uruguay

– centre (2) : Colombie, Paraguay

– centre-droite (1) : Chili

droite (0)

Voici maintenant la situation en 2018 en cas de victoire de Bolsonaro :

– gauche (4) : Bolivie, Equateur, Surinam, Venezuela

– centre-gauche (2) : Guyana, Uruguay

– centre (0) :

– centre-droite (4) : Argentine, Chili, Colombie, Pérou

droite (2) : Brésil, Paraguay.

Ces changements d’étiquettes sont compréhensibles si on se réfère à l’étude du Pew Research Center intitulée Share of politically unaffiliated varies widely across globe réalisée en mars 2017 et qui montre le désintérêt des sud-américains pour l’encartage politique : 78 % des Chiliens, 60 % des Brésiliens et des Péruviens, 51 % des Argentins, 50 % des Colombiens, 46 % des Mexicains et 45 % des Vénézuéliens ne se reconnaissent pas en un parti, soit les taux les plus élevés au monde (à titre de comparaison, 2 % des Indiens, 3 % des Israéliens, 6 % des Suédois, 8 % des Turcs, 10 % des Néerlandais et des Tanzaniens, 13 % des Allemands et des Français, 14 % des Britanniques et des Sud-Africains, 15 % des Espagnols, 16 % des Libanais, 18 % des Canadiens et des Kenyans, 19 % des Russes, 21 % des Australiens, 22 % des Ghanéens, 26 % des Indonésiens et Nigérians, 31 % des Italiens, 32 % des Polonais, 34 % des Sénégalais, 37 % des Hongrois, 48 % des Japonais, 51 % des Tunisiens, 53 % des Grecs, 58 % des Philippins et 60 % des Jordaniens).

Hristo XIEP

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