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lang="fr-FR"> L’Afrique, cobaye de Big Pharma - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

L’Afrique, cobaye de Big Pharma

Cette affirmation est trop osée, pourtant en lisant l’article de Jean-Philippe Chippaux, on se rend vraiment compte comment certaines firmes occidentales  causent des ravages inouïs en Afrique. Ces dérives révèlent comment les industriels du médicament utilisent les populations du sud pour résoudre les problèmes sanitaires du Nord.  Pour plus de netteté, nous vous proposons  l’article de Jean Philippe Chippaux.

En mars 2005, les essais cliniques du Tenofovir ®, un antiviral utilisé contre le sida, ont été suspendus au Nigeria, en raison de manquements éthiques graves. Menées par l’association Family Health International pour le compte du laboratoire américain Gilead Sciences, ces expériences étaient financées par le gouvernement américain et par la Fondation Bill et Melinda Gates. Si elles ont été aussi interrompues au Cameroun (février 2005) et au Cambodge (août 2004. Sur ce point nous y reviendrons).Elles se poursuivent en Thaïlande, au Botswana, au Malawi, au Ghana et aux Etats-Unis.

En août 2001, des dérives semblables ont conduit à l’ouverture d’une action judiciaire. Une trentaine des familles nigérianes ont saisi un tribunal new-yorkais afin de faire condamner le laboratoire américain Pfizer pour le test du Trovan ®, un antibiotique destiné à lutter contre la méningite. Au cours de cette étude, pratiquée en 1996 pendant une épidémie de méningite, onze enfants sur deux cents avaient trouvé la mort et plusieurs autres avaient gardé de graves séquelles cérébrales ou motrices.

Partout dans les pays du Sud, des firmes pharmaceutiques organisent des essais cliniques au mépris de l’éthique et de la sécurité des patients : absence de consentement des sujets, information sommaire, contrôle thérapeutique insuffisant, faible bénéfice pour le malade ou la population… Pourtant, l’essai clinique constitue une procédure formalisée et rigoureuse, indispensable à la validation et à la commercialisation d’un nouveau médicament. Il sert à évaluer sa tolérance et à mesurer son efficacité. Près de 100 000 essais cliniques seraient conduits chaque année dans le monde, dont 10 % dans les pays en voie de développement et 1 % en Afrique. En 1999, les fonds publics ou privés américains auraient financé 4 458 essais hors des Etats-Unis contre 271 en 1990.

La « médecine des preuves », qui implique l’utilisation de statistiques et la pratique d’essais, s’est imposée en Occident à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle. L’essor de l’éthique médicale après la seconde guerre mondiale – (…)

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