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La preuve des dangers du cannabis est désormais établie - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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On sait depuis longtemps que le cannabis entraîne des troubles des facultés cognitives ; c’est-à-dire notamment des possibilités d’apprendre et de se souvenir. Pourtant à ce jour, huit pays ont légalisé ou toléré la consommation de cette drogue ; la Hollande est le paradis du « joint ». Jusqu’à présent les effets étaient connus ; mais on ne savait pas comment ce toxique agissait ni même si il détruisait le cerveau. Or actuellement l’IRM est capable de visualiser de manière précise les atteintes anatomiques et de diagnostiquer les lésions cérébrales quasiment au niveau cellulaire.

Les chercheurs de l’Université de Dallas (Francesca Filbey), ont eu une idée simple tombant sous le sens ; celle de comparer le cerveau d’un gros fumeur de cannabis avec celui de non-fumeurs. Deux études ont été menées concurremment. Elles ont mis en évidence une diminution de la matière grise, partie du cerveau qui contient le corps des neurones ; ceci essentiellement dans la région frontale derrière les orbites de l’œil ; de la matière grise dépend l’esprit de décision ainsi que la motivation. Naturellement, cette involution est proportionnelle à la quantité de cannabis consommé.

En revanche les modifications de la matière blanche qui contient le « câblage » des cellules nerveuses était hypertrophiée au niveau de ce qui est appelé la myéline, une substance qui entoure les nerfs. Apparemment il s’agissait d’un phénomène de protection face à la détérioration des cellules nerveuses. Mais celui-ci finit par disparaître quand la consommation devient chronique.

Une étude au CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) en France a été effectuée par le Dr Zsolt Lenkei ; elle a mis en évidence dans le cannabis une substance appelée THC (tétrahydrocannabinol) ayant une action directe sur les neurones du cerveau. Cette substance déclenche un processus affectant la morphologie et la croissance des cellules nerveuses. Notamment elle rétracte les axones qui en sont les prolongements permettant le passage de l’influx nerveux (connectivité).

En conclusion, c’est donc bien tout le système nerveux, neurones et connexions qui sont atteints par la consommation de cannabis. Reste à savoir si ces modifications sont définitives ; ce qui est probable car par exemple, dans les AVC la « récupération » est bien souvent minime voire nulle.

Dr Jean-Pierre Dickès

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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