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La Haute Cour d'Andalousie reconnaît la polygamie sous certaines conditions - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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polygamie

Espagne – Une citoyenne d’origine marocaine, naturalisée espagnole, percevra une pension de veuvage bien que lorsqu’elle a épousé son mari, celui-ci était déjà marié à une autre femme.

Les deux mariages ont été effectués selon le rite islamique, conformément à la loi marocaine, et, en principe, le système juridique espagnol n’accepte comme valable que le premier mariage. Cependant, la Chambre de la Haute Cour d’Andalousie a accepté le recours en appel de la deuxième épouse et reconnaît le droit qu’elle a de percevoir la pension de veuvage de son mari, décédé en Janvier 2012.

Ce jugement a été rendu au milieu de l’année mais n’a été médiatisé que ces jours-ci. La requérante, nommée Paloma, s’est mariée selon le rite coranique à Nador, au Maroc, en 1966. Son mari, du nom de Martin, était déjà marié à une autre femme, que le jugement a identifié comme Irene et qui est décédée en 2005.

Dans un premier temps, la Sécurité sociale a refusé à Paloma la pension de veuvage parce qu’il considérait son mariage nul puisque Martin était déjà marié à une autre femme. Après la mort d’Irène, la première épouse de Martin, lui et Paloma n’ont pas contracté de mariage civil devant les lois espagnoles. L’article 174 de la loi générale de la sécurité sociale reconnaît le droit de recevoir la pension de veuvage « du conjoint survivant» mais le mariage de Martin et Paloma n’a pas de valeur juridique en Espagne.

Lorsque Paloma a porté l’affaire au tribunal, le tribunal du travail a rejeté sa demande au motif que «le mariage de la requérante avec le défunt (Martin) n’a aucune réalité dans le système espagnol étant un mariage polygame qui menace la conception du mariage espagnol, la dignité des femmes et ne respecte pas les règles d’ordre public espagnol « .

Paloma a alors interjeté appel devant la Haute Cour de l’Andalousie faisant entendre qu’elle serait l’objet d’une discrimination en matière de protection » économique, sociale et juridique de la famille « , parce que, selon elle, elle était la famille (l’épouse) du défunt. Et, le Tribunal lui a donné raison. Dans son arrêt, il précise que le fait que le mariage soit nul « ne signifie pas qu’il n’a pas existé« . La Cour a cité l’accord bilatéral avec le Maroc signé le 8 novembre 1979, dans lequel l’État espagnol reconnaît le droit des mariages bigames en vue de recevoir des prestations de sécurité sociale. L’Article 23 de cette Convention stipule que «la pension de veuvage d’un travailleur marocain sera distribué, le cas échéant, à part égales et définitivement entre ceux qui résulteront être, conformément à la loi marocaine, les bénéficiaires de cette prestation« . Selon le Tribunal d’Andalousie, Paloma et Martin ont contracté un type de mariage conforme à la loi marocaine, même s’il y avait une première épouse. Il rappelle qu’en vertu de l’article 9.1 du Code civil espagnol, la loi est « déterminée par leur nationalité » !

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