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lang="fr-FR"> La gémellité n’est plus synonyme de même patrimoine génétique - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

La gémellité n’est plus synonyme de même patrimoine génétique

Nous connaissions déjà les rares cas de jumeaux n’étant pas nés à la même date. En effet, les « prouesses » médicales ont rendu possible, par les pratiques de fécondation in vitro, ce qui semblait irréaliste. En congelant un ovocyte, fécondé au même moment que celui déjà implanté dans l’utérus de la mère, des familles se sont vues avec ce schéma insolite de deux enfants portés au même moment, mais nés à des périodes différentes. Cette configuration était alors dépendante de la médecine. Mais la nature aussi peut nous surprendre.

Depuis quelques semaines, une autre information étonne et interroge. Le New York Times nous rapportait le 7 mai dernier un cas de naissance au New Jersey de jumelles n’ayant pas le même père. Ces deux enfants ont été conçus et sont nés de façon naturelle. Rien ne laissait présager un tel fait. C’est lorsque la mère de ces fillettes a réclamé une pension alimentaire au père « présumé », que des tests ADN ont révélé qu’uniquement une de ces jumelles était la fille de cet homme. 

Comment est-ce donc possible ? Dans le règne animal, des cas de fécondation durant les gestations existent. C’est notamment le cas des lièvres et des blaireaux. Ce phénomène biologique s’appelle la superfétation. En effet, une deuxième fécondation peut survenir à plusieurs jours de la première, les naissances sont donc successives, avec un délai variable.

Mais chez la femme ce cas est rare, on l’appelle superfécondation. Cela concernerait une grossesse gémellaire sur 13 000, lorsqu’elle est menée à terme. L’histoire se résume ainsi : Mme T.M. a eu dans la même semaine des relations sexuelles avec son conjoint et un autre homme. Les spermatozoïdes ayant une durée de vie de 2 à 5 jours, les gamètes de ses partenaires ont fécondé un ovocyte chacun. Et ainsi deux embryons, de pères différents, ont commencé leur vie ensemble dans l’utérus de la maman. Ce début de grossesse en apparence anodin s’est avéré être une étrangeté que la nature permet, mais à laquelle nous sommes peu habitués.

Marguerite Poussin

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