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La fin du califat de Daesh - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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La dernière ville tenue par Daesh en Syrie a été reprise par l’armée syrienne il y a quelques jours : elle s’appelle Abou Kamal et se situe le long de l’Euphrate, près de la frontière irakienne. Cet évènement n’a été, à de rares exceptions près, que peu souligné par les médias. Il est vrai que ces derniers ont traité la guerre en Syrie de façon assez particulière depuis son déclenchement…

Pourtant, l’évènement est d’importance.

La proclamation du califat par l’Etat islamique le 29 juin  2014 a été un événement considérable car dans le monde musulman, le califat a une portée symbolique très forte. Il rappelle les grandes puissances que furent les califats de Damas, de Bagdad, du Caire et bien sûr le califat ottoman tout au long des siècles. Age d’or de l’islam, parfois très amplifié, mais qui continue à séduire et à susciter des engagements fanatiques comme l’a prouvé la guerre en Syrie.

Ce vieux rêve d’une unification musulmane qui abolit les frontières, héritage pour beaucoup de la colonisation occidentale, a repris corps lorsque Abou Bakr al-Baghdadi a proclamé le califat et exigé un serment d’allégeance des musulmans du monde entier.

Cet acte symbolique a eu un retentissement tel que des dizaines de milliers de volontaires sont venus en Syrie accomplir un devoir considéré comme sacré, car prélude à la conquête mondiale du monde par l’islam.

Les islamistes syriens se sont pourtant divisés sur cette question. Une partie des militants d’Al Nosra, affiliés alors à Al Quaida, étaient hostiles à cette proclamation car ils pensaient qu’une concrétisation territoriale avant la victoire en Syrie ne pourrait qu’aider le régime. En effet, un acte aussi symbolique risquait de faire basculer beaucoup d’indécis sunnites dans le camp de Bachar.

C’est en effet ce qui s’est passé tant la perspective de vivre sous la loi de l’Etat islamique était peu attrayante pour l’élite sunnite syrienne qui s’était toujours accommodée du régime alaouite.

Elle a également renforcé la volonté des alliés de la Syrie, Iran et Hezbollah libanais en tête, de ne pas laisser les islamistes sunnites gagner la guerre. La perspective de se retrouver avec un califat islamiste à leurs portes ne les enchantait pas vraiment…

En suscitant des milliers de volontaires caucasiens, elle a également aidé à l’intervention russe, guidée par bien d’autres raisons il est vrai. Mais la perspective de pouvoir éliminer l’élite islamiste tchétchène, ouzbeke ou turkmène a intéressé Poutine comme il l’a lui même déclaré.

Et pourtant l’Etat islamique a failli gagner : si la France et les Etats-Unis avaient effectivement bombardé la Syrie comme François Hollande et ses conseillers en rêvaient en août 2013, nul doute que cela aurait accéléré la déliquescence d’une armée syrienne assez démoralisée.

Al Nosra, d’où sont issues les forces vives de Daesh, était alors le mouvement islamiste le plus puissant et la proclamation de l’Etat islamique aurait pu se faire non à Raqqa mais à Damas…

Mais aujourd’hui Daesh est vaincu et il faut saluer cette bonne nouvelle.

Il faut la saluer mais il ne faut pas se faire d’illusion : de nombreux militants de l’Etat islamique sont dans la nature et, pour certains, déjà en Europe.

De plus, Al Nosra a profité des derniers mois exclusivement consacrés à la lutte contre Daesh pour se renforcer. Ce mouvement a beau s’appeler maintenant Fatah al Cham et ne plus être affilié à Al Quaida, il est exactement le même et ses militants sont aussi sanguinaires que ceux de Daesh. Seule la question tactique divisait ces deux organisations.

Les Syriens sont encore loin d’en avoir fini avec les islamistes.

Antoine de Lacoste

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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