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lang="fr-FR"> La famille royale au Temple (Charles-Eloi Vial) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

La famille royale au Temple (Charles-Eloi Vial)

Charles-Eloi Vial, paléographe et docteur en histoire, est conservateur à la Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Du 13 août 1792 au 19 décembre 1795, la prison du Temple a fonctionné sans interruption, ni rupture majeure, alors même qu’à l’extérieur, dans l’ancien royaume de France devenu une république instable, les factions s’affrontaient dans de sanglantes luttes. La détention de la famille royale a duré plus longtemps que la Convention, que la dictature de Robespierre ou que la Terreur elle-même; elle ne s’est achevée qu’au début du Directoire.

Au lendemain du 10 août 1792, l’enfermement de la famille royale dans ce donjon sinistre avait été pensé comme un symbole, mais aussi comme un moyen d’accélérer la mise à bas de l’ordre ancien, en donnant aux « citoyens » l’opportunité de surveiller puis de juger eux-mêmes leurs souverains désignés comme des « oppresseurs ». Véritable clé de voûte du programme révolutionnaire, la captivité du Temple est devenue un monstre d’absurdité administrative et un foyer de corruption, ainsi qu’un lieu de mesures cruelles et de rétorsions abjectes.

La République a ainsi montré sa fascination pour le sang et la mort. La France était devenue un vaste cimetière. Le martyre de la famille royale au Temple est symbolique de cette paranoïa de la Terreur dont les forfaits épouvantables avaient pour but d’inspirer l’effroi. L’histoire du Temple peut être perçue comme le « prototype » des événements révolutionnaires, la captivité et la mort des monarques devant annoncer celles de leurs partisans. « Au crime d’être roi succédera celui d’être noble ou prêtre (…) ».

Mais la mort de Louis XVI, loin d’éteindre la royauté, lui conféra une aura exceptionnelle, celle d’un martyr quasi christique. Avec le Temple, la Convention a ensuite étendu ce martyre à l’ensemble de sa famille.

La famille royale au Temple, Charles-Eloi Vial, éditions Perrin, 448 pages, 25 euros

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