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La basilique du Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre, une épopée incroyable au cœur de l'histoire de France - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Patrick Sbalchiero, historien et journaliste, est déjà l’auteur d’une vingtaine d’ouvrages, dont une Histoire du Mont Saint Michel et Des hommes pour l’éternité, l’épopée des bâtisseurs de cathédrale. Cent ans après la consécration de la basilique du Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre, il nous raconte l’histoire de cet édifice.

C’est dans le contexte de la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870-1871 qu’une poignée d’hommes entreprennent le projet de faire construire une grande église parisienne en l’honneur du Sacré-Cœur. Tout est alors à faire : réunir une équipe de professionnels tant dans le domaine de l’architecture que dans celui de la gestion d’un tel chantier, mener campagne pour convaincre les Français de soutenir le projet et lever des fonds, et cela dans un pays meurtri par la guerre et politiquement déstabilisé. Pourtant, en 1875 est posée la première pierre de la basilique de Montmartre ! C’est cette aventure hors du commun, partagée et menée à bien par une poignée de femmes et d’hommes, malgré de grands obstacles, que raconte ce livre.

L’auteur nous rappelle comment la construction de la basilique est menée avec en toile de fond l’opposition entre la France de Saint Louis et de sainte Jeanne d’Arc et la république de Voltaire et de Valmy. En 1861, Mgr de Ségur (1820-1881), fils de la célèbre Comtesse de Ségur, fait paraître un ouvrage intitulé La Révolution dans lequel il attribue la Révolution française à Satan. En 1904, le livre d’Anatole France L’Eglise et la République prétend que 80.000 communards ont été exécutés par « l’ordre moral » et la « France vouée au Sacré-Cœur ». Pour les catholiques, la construction de cette basilique est vue comme un outil d’expiation des péchés de la France, notamment coupable du meurtre de son Roi, et un symbole de la repentance nationale. Pour le camp adverse, elle est présentée comme l’étendard du cléricalisme, de la contre-révolution et de l’obscurantisme.

Cet affrontement n’est pas sans nous rappeler certains débats actuels sur la laïcité. Cependant, on mesure le changement radical dans le rapport de force entre les deux camps lorsqu’on prend connaissance de la participation de 200 députés à l’hommage au Sacré-Cœur organisé en juin 1873 et que l’on apprend qu’une cinquantaine d’entre eux ont même effectué un pèlerinage à Paray-le-Monial, haut lieu de la dévotion au Sacré-Cœur. Plus surprenant encore, vu d’aujourd’hui, les députés de l’Assemblée nationale votent le 24 juillet 1873 une loi déclarant d’utilité publique la construction de la basilique du Sacré-Cœur. Et précisons d’emblée que, malgré cette loi, pas un centime d’argent public n’est venu financer la construction de cette basilique. L’entièreté des fonds nécessaires a été récoltée parmi les fidèles catholiques de toute la France, des plus riches aux plus humbles.

Une histoire extraordinaire, marquée par la Foi, qui se lit comme un roman.

La basilique du Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre, Patrick Sbalchiero, éditions Artège, 268 pages, 18,90 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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