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Koursk, 1943 (Roman Töppel) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Roman Töppel, docteur en histoire, est un spécialiste des conflits sur le front russe, à l’époque du Ier Empire comme lors de la seconde guerre mondiale.

Koursk est entré dans l’histoire comme la plus grande bataille de chars de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Mais au nord du saillant de Koursk, ce fut aussi un duel d’artillerie exceptionnellement massif. Et Koursk a également été l’une des plus grandes batailles aériennes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ce qui jusqu’ici n’avait suscité qu’un intérêt marginal. Eu égard à sa brièveté et aux dimensions limitées de son théâtre, la bataille de Koursk est aussi la plus sanglante de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Plusieurs millions de soldats allemands et soviétiques, plus de dix mille tanks et canons auto-moteurs, ainsi que des milliers d’avions se sont affrontés à Koursk. Ce livre examine tous ces aspects, ainsi que les enjeux stratégiques et les conséquences de cette bataille extraordinaire à plus d’un titre.

La bataille de Koursk s’achève sur une défaite allemande. Aucun des buts poursuivis à l’été 1943 n’a été atteint. Dans le cadre de l’opération Citadelle, les unités allemandes devaient en quelques jours percer les défenses des Soviétiques et les encercler autour de Koursk. Elles n’y sont pas parvenues. La liquidation du saillant de Koursk devait raccourcir notablement le front, ce qui aurait permis de libérer des forces pour constituer une réserve. Ce but n’est pas non plus atteint. Une victoire allemande à Koursk, selon Hitler, devait agir comme un fanal sur les alliés du Reich comme sur ses adversaires. Espoir vain. Enfin, l’offensive vers Koursk devait briser la capacité offensive des Soviétiques et permettre à l’armée allemande de l’Est de souffler jusqu’à la fin de 1943. Il n’en est rien.

Certes, les Allemands ont infligé d’énormes pertes à leur adversaire et affaibli ses moyens offensifs. Mais l’Union soviétique dispose de nombreuses réserves qui lui permettent, en dépit de sérieux revers, de lancer peu à peu, à partir de juillet 1943, ses armées à l’offensive sur l’ensemble du front.

La supériorité technique et tactique des armes blindées et aériennes allemandes n’a pas suffit. L’échec de l’offensive d’été à Koursk amorce la grande retraite allemande.

Koursk 1943, Roman Töppel, éditions Perrin, 304 pages, 22 euros

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