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Joukov (Jean Lopez & Lasha Otkhmezuri) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Jean Lopez est le fondateur et directeur de la rédaction de la revue Guerres & Histoire et l’auteur de plusieurs ouvrages historiques notamment consacrés au front germano-soviétique. Lasha Otkhmezuri est conseiller de la rédaction de la revue Guerres & Histoire.

Ensemble, ils signent cette épaisse biographie du Maréchal Joukov. Bien entendu, une part importante de ce livre est consacrée à l’affrontement opposant l’Allemagne à l’URSS durant la seconde guerre mondiale. C’est entre juin et novembre 1941 que les choses se présentent le plus favorablement pour l’armée allemande. A la mi-octobre 1941, le régime soviétique panique après que le gros de l’Armée rouge a été détruit pour la troisième fois dans un encerclement géant. Staline ne doit son salut qu’au redressement militaire inespéré du début novembre. C’est à ce moment précis qu’un homme émerge, qui va ruiner les espoirs de Hitler et soutenir ceux de Staline : Gueorgui Konstantinovitch Joukov.

Il joue un rôle majeur durant la seconde moitié de la guerre et rallie Staline à la recommandation décisive – passer de façon temporaire à la défensive – à l’origine de l’échec définitif des Allemands à Koursk, à l’été 1943. Joukov pèse sur la définition de l’opération Bagration, qui détruit le groupe d’armées Centre à l’été 1944 et inflige aux Allemands la pire défaite de leur histoire. Le même pulvérise son adversaire durant la chevauchée mécanique de l’opération Vistule-Oder en janvier 1945. Dans une bataille d’apocalypse, Joukov mène ensuite ses armées au Reichstag en dix jours et fait signer au feld-maréchal Keitel la capitulation sans condition des forces armées allemandes.

Qui donc est ce Joukov ? Sa vie se confond avec celle de l’Armée rouge, mais aussi avec celle du parti bolchevik et de l’Union soviétique jusqu’au milieu des années Brejnev. Joukov est communiste depuis 1919. Un militaire communiste écartelé. Comme tout chef militaire, il veut un instrument moderne et efficace, doté d’un corps d’officiers conscients de leurs devoirs et sûrs de leurs moyens. Comme communiste, il comprend, justifie et accepte que cette armée soit la chose du Parti; qu’elle lui obéisse en tout, y compris dans l’accomplissement des missions non militaires; qu’elle soit surveillée en permanence par une nuée d’espions du ministère de l’Intérieur et par les commissaires politiques; que l’autorité du commandement soit partagée avec les représentants d’une administration politique qui n’en réfère qu’au Comité central du Parti.

Ce livre examine aussi la période qui va de 1946 à 1974. Joukov est exilé, persécuté, puis réhabilité à petits pas avant la mort de Staline, ensuite brutalement promu, au point de devenir le premier militaire professionnel à entrer à part entière au Bureau politique du Parti. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage s’attachent à analyser son bilan de ministre de la Défense, son rôle dans la répression à Budapest en 1956, les raisons de sa chute en 1957 et de sa nouvelle disgrâce.

Menteur, dissimulateur, emporté, vaniteux, vulgaire, pillant l’Allemagne d’une façon abominable, laissant commettre des crimes de guerre affreux en 1945 aux dépens de la population civile, servant sans murmurer Staline et ses pires desseins, organisant la gestion des hommes par la peur, faisant fusiller tant et plus pour terroriser ses propres soldats, envoyant des hommes sous des retombées radioactives, réprimant férocement les patriotes hongrois en 1956, il a lui-même bâti sa propre légende.

Joukov, Jean Lopez et Lasha Otkhmezuri, éditions Perrin, collection Tempus, 928 pages, 15 euros

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