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Ils ont tué le Tsar... Les bourreaux racontent (Nicolas Ross) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Nicolas Ross, docteur en histoire, est un spécialiste de l’histoire russe et l’auteur de plusieurs ouvrages de référence consacrés aux Russes blancs. Son nouveau livre met en lumière des documents inédits concernant les bourreaux qui ont mis à mort le dernier Tsar.

Contrairement à ce que l’on a pu croire durant de longues années, les exécutants et les complices de l’assassinat à Ekaterinbourg du Tsar Nicolas II et de sa famille dans la nuit du 16 au 17 juillet 1918 ont souvent raconté ce qui, pour la plupart d’entre eux, a constitué l’événement majeur de leur existence. Ils ont beaucoup parlé et beaucoup écrit, mais sous le sceau d’un secret qui a été rigoureusement gardé jusqu’aux dernières années de l’existence de l’URSS. Alors même que s’échafaudaient dans le monde les hypothèses les plus diverses au sujet de la mort et du sort des dépouilles de la famille impériale, ou de la survie de tel ou tel de ses membres, il y a toujours eu en Russie soviétique des gens qui savaient… mais qui se taisaient.

Quatre des gardes de la maison de l’ingénieur Ipatiev où était détenue la famille impériale avaient été retrouvés et interrogés par les enquêteurs blancs dès 1918-1919, et leurs dépositions constituent les premiers documents publiés dans cet ouvrage. En 1919 également fut rédigé par Iakov Iourovski, le dernier commandant de la maison Ipatiev et le principal acteur de l’exécution de ses occupants, sa célèbre Note, qui ne fut révélée qu’en 1989 et qui connut rapidement un écho international. Après Iourovski, d’autres participants aux événements livrèrent leurs confidences, restées secrètes jusqu’à la fin du pouvoir communiste en Russie.

Les récits des assassins du Tsar et de leurs complices concernent la détention, l’exécution et l’inhumation improvisée des détenus de la maison Ipatiev. Ces textes dévoilent dans ses circonstances les plus quotidiennes l’atmosphère lourde et éprouvante des derniers jours de Nicolas II et des siens. Ils illustrent le projet des dirigeants bolcheviques, qui avaient entrepris d’exterminer tous les Romanov à leur portée. Il fallait, par ce sang, sceller une Russie du futur totalement coupée de ses racines historiques. La cruauté institutionnalisée à l’égard des anciennes élites devait constituer l’un des fondements majeurs d’une Russie nouvelle où on exigerait de chacun non plus seulement un accord passif, mais une participation consentie aux crimes de l’Etat.

Notons qu’aucun des témoignages recueillis en URSS n’était destiné à la publication. Les narrateurs, tous membres du parti, pouvaient donc se permettre une certaine sincérité tant que leur récit s’inscrivait dans le cadre de l’idéologie officielle et restait confidentiel. Cette franchise cynique apparaît particulièrement dans les deux derniers documents, récits des anciens tchékistes Nikouline et Rodzinski, interrogés en 1964 sur l’ordre des autorités du moment.

Un document exceptionnel et bouleversant.

Ils ont tué le Tsar, Nicolas Ross, éditions des Syrtes, 256 pages, 20 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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