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Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord (Bernard Lugan) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord

Bernard Lugan est l’un des meilleurs experts français des questions africaines. Professeur aux Ecoles de Saint-Cyr-Coëtquidan et à l’Ecole de Guerre et expert auprès du Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda, il est l’auteur de plusieurs ouvrages de référence et dirige la revue Afrique réelle.

L’Afrique du Nord est formée de cinq pays, l’Egypte, la Libye, la Tunisie, l’Algérie et le Maroc. Cet ouvrage monumental nous en fait découvrir l’histoire de manière chronologique, des origines à nos jours, en tenant compte des paramètres géopolitiques, religieux et migratoires.

Dans une première partie qui s’étend jusqu’à la veille de la conquête arabo-musulmane, Bernard Lugan nous fait revivre l’Egypte dynastique puis ptolémaïque, les royaumes berbères, l’Afrique carthaginoise, les guerres puniques, l’Afrique romaine, le concile de Chalcédoine, la parenthèse byzantine et les guerres berbères.

Place ensuite, dans la deuxième partie qui s’étend du VIIe au XIIIe siècle, à la conquête arabe et aux débuts de l’islamisation, à la résistance berbère, au basculement de l’Egypte chrétienne à l’Egypte musulmane, aux Fatimides entre Kabylie et Egypte, à l’apogée berbère aux XIe-XIIIe siècles, suivie de l’arabisation de la Berbérie, et au premier régime mamelouk en Egypte.

Puis l’auteur nous décrit dans une troisième partie le sultanat mamelouk, la confrontation entre Mamelouks et Ottomans, la brève splendeur des Mérinides, le Maroc Saadien, les Régences turques de Tripoli, de Tunis et d’Alger, la reconstruction du Maroc avec les Alaouites.

Nous arrivons au XIXe siècle, avec une quatrième partie qui conduit jusqu’en 1918, en décrivant les mutations de l’Afrique du Nord, les débuts de la période coloniale et le premier conflit mondial en cette partie du monde. La cinquième partie traite des années 1919 à 1945 avec l’émancipation de l’Egypte, l’Impero italien de Libye, la Tunisie destourienne, l’ « âge d’or » de l’Algérie française, la guerre du Rif, le Dahir berbère et le second conflit mondial en Afrique du Nord. Les indépendances font l’objet de la sixième partie qui montre comment l’Egypte a été moteur de la décolonisation. Bernard Lugan examine, dans une septième partie, l’Afrique du Nord jusqu’à la veille du « printemps arabe » dont le déroulement et les conséquences sont étudiées dans une huitième partie, avec la désintégration de la Libye, le développement de l’islamisme et les intrigues toujours en cours. Une centaine de cartes et un index des peuples, dynasties et tribus viennent enrichir ce livre.

Cet ouvrage est une somme indispensable pour comprendre la complexité de l’Afrique du Nord. 

Histoire de l’Afrique du Nord, Bernard Lugan, éditions du Rocher, 736 pages, 29 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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