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GPA - La Cour européenne des droits de l'homme demande d’établir un lien de filiation entre les enfants nés de mères porteuses à l’étranger et leurs «parents d’intention» - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Dans un avis consultatif rendu mercredi 10 avril, la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme rappelle que les États peuvent prohiber la GPA mais la Cour a estimé qu’ils ont le devoir d’établir un lien de filiation entre les enfants nés de mères porteuses à l’étranger et leurs «parents d’intention». Grégor Puppinck commente cet avis dans une tribune publiée par Le Figaro Vox.

Le 10 avril 2019, la Grande chambre de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a rendu un avis consultatif en matière de gestation par autrui (GPA), à la demande de la Cour de cassation française, dans lequel elle précise pour la première fois sa position sur le statut de la «mère d’intention». Sa jurisprudence antérieure concernait en effet le statut du seul «père d’intention»: elle avait jugé en 2014 dans l’affaire Mennesson que l’impossibilité d’établir la filiation d’un enfant né par GPA viole la vie privée de l’enfant lorsque le «père d’intention» est aussi le «géniteur» de l’enfant, mais elle ne s’était pas explicitement prononcée s’agissant de la «mère d’intention». C’est ce qu’elle fait à présent.
Notons qu’il s’agit du tout premier avis émis en vertu du protocole n°16 à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme entré en vigueur le 1er août 2018: afin de «[renforcer] l’interaction entre la Cour et les autorités nationales, et [consolider] ainsi la mise en œuvre de la Convention, conformément au principe de subsidiarité», il permet aux plus hautes juridictions nationales d’adresser à la Cour des demandes d’avis consultatifs relativement à une question se posant dans le cadre d’affaires pendantes devant elles.

La question préjudicielle posée par la Cour de cassation peut se résumer ainsi: la France doit-elle reconnaître la «mère d’intention» comme «mère légale» d’un enfant né par GPA à l’étranger ? Le cas échéant, est-il suffisant de pouvoir le faire par la voie de l’adoption, ou faut-il procéder directement par transcription de l’acte étranger ?

Lire la suite sur Le Figaro Vox

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