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Génétique : vers le surhomme - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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surhomme-mpi

La nouvelle que nous présentons aurait dû se trouver en première page de tous les journaux du monde. C’est une véritable « révolution » du vivant qui entrevoit la possibilité de modifier radicalement l’espèce humaine en lui donnant à terme des pouvoirs surhumains. Rappelons quelques notions très simples de génétique.

Le corps humain est formé de cellules. Au centre de celles-ci, il y a un noyau. Dans le noyau il y a les chromosomes. Ceux-ci portent des zones d’informations appelées du nom de « gènes ». Ceux-ci sont formés d’ADN. Il s’agit de molécules qui forment de longues chaînes. Par exemple pour une seule cellule que vous ne pouvez voir qu’au microscope, l’ADN mesure trois mètres de long.

L’ADN est formé de molécules d’acides aminés que l’on rencontre dans toute la nature et principalement dans tout organisme vivant. Il y en a 20 dans la nature. Mais chez l’homme il y en a quatre Adénine Thymine Guanine Cytosine. ATGC est communément appelé le « chiffre de la vie ». Ces chaînes par dédoublement vont assurer la division et la reproduction des cellules. Ces acides aminés sont mélangés le long des chaînes dans un ordre qu’il est désormais facile de séquencer pour diagnostiquer les maladies dites génétiques.

Or des savants de Californie ont réussi à joindre dans ces chaînes une nouvelle paire d’acides aminés appelée d5SICS-dNaM (respecter les majuscules). Cette incorporation crée de nouvelles fonctionnalités aux espèces vivantes. L’exploit est d’avoir ajusté cette nouvelle chaîne dans la cellule explique Thomas Lavergne du CNRS de Grenoble, cosignataire de l’étude. Cela ne vous fait sans doute ni chaud ni froid. Vous avez tort !

En effet appliquer à l’homme cette découverte peut à terme lui donner des capacités et des potentialités nouvelles grâce à ce nouveau code génétique. Lesquelles ? Pour l’instant on n’en sait rien car la découverte est récente. Mais selon la déclaration du chercheur : « C’est l’illustration qu’il n’y a plus aucunes limites à la manipulation du vivant ». Nous ajouterions « pour le meilleur ou pour le pire ».

Présentement il va de soi que les premières expériences s’adresseront aux micro-organismes qui présentent un intérêt thérapeutique et dont on pourra améliorer le rendement par l’adjonction de fonctions supplémentaires. C’est le cas des antiviraux par exemple ; ou des antibiotiques. Prenons un exemple : la pénicilline est extraite d’un champignon appelé penicillium glaucum. Les microbes y sont actuellement de plus en plus résistants. Si on ajoute à ce champignon des potentialités nouvelles, les microbes seront incapables de faire face à ce nouvel organisme qu’ils ne connaissent pas. Idem pour les virus.

A quand les premiers résultats ? Selon Thomas Lavergne, ils seront patents dans deux ou trois ans. Restera l’application.

Quant à l’homme ? En principe l’Europe interdit les manipulations de génome humain. Mais cela pourra changer si les savants nous annoncent la possibilité de créer un surhomme. Les chercheurs annoncent déjà que le système est verrouillé dans ce sens et qu’il n’y a aucun danger concernant la sécurité.

Il est donc probable que nos enfants n’hésiteront pas à devenir forts comme l’incroyable Hulk. 

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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