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« English spoken » ou l’impérialisme culturel - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Même si les données de la plupart des nations d’Afrique et d’Amérique latine sont manquantes, il est intéressant de voir à quel point plusieurs nations sont tombées sous la coupe culturelle du monde anglo-saxon. S’il est logique que l’on parle à plus de 90 % anglais en Grande-Bretagne, aux Etats-Unis (à l’exception de Porto Rico où moins de la moitié de la population parle anglais), en Australie, en Nouvelle-Zélande, s’il est concevable qu’un tel pourcentage soit l’apanage du Guyana (ex-Guyane britannique majoritairement peuplée d’Hindous), de la Jamaïque et de l’Irlande (en un siècle, la langue gaélique a été quasiment éradiquée), d’autre nations sont quasiment bilingues, issus de pays dont la langue maternelle n’y est pas parlée en dehors.

Parmi les pays parlant anglais à plus de 80 %, on trouve bien entendu d’anciennes possessions de la Couronne, tel le Bélize, mais aussi le Sierra Leone et une quasi-ancienne colonie américaine, le Liberia (deux pays où l’anglais est la seule unité existante). On trouve surtout plusieurs nations européennes, telles l’Islande, la Suède (dont le groupe phare ABBA chante en anglais), les Pays-Bas (dont les groupes phares Fox the Fox  et autres Opus chantent en anglais), le Danemark (pays d’origine des ancêtres des Anglais) et la Norvège (dont le groupe phare A-ha non seulement chante en anglais mais a été l’un des rares, sinon le seul, groupe non anglo-saxon à avoir fait la bande-originale d’un James Bond : Tuer n’est pas jouer (The living daylights)). On trouve aussi parmi les pays à plus de 80 % Israël, car l’hébreu, c’est pour la synagogue, pour les escr.. le business, il faut parler anglais.

A plus de 70 %, on trouve le Canada, le Québec faisant encore de la résistance, mais aussi le Surinam, aligné sur son ancienne métropole néerlandaise, et Chypre, pas seulement à cause de la base de Limassol. Deux pays sont anglophones à plus de 60 %, la Finlande (ça aide pour vendre des Nokia) et le Luxembourg (banque oblige).

Enormément de pays européens ont une population majoritairement (+ de 50 %) anglophone : Belgique (siège de l’OTAN), l’Allemagne (dirigée par un gouvernement de collaboration depuis 1949), l’Autriche, la Slovénie (pays de la First Lady), une ancienne colonie américaine (les Philippines, où l’espagnol tient bon), une ancienne colonie anglaise le Nigeria et un pays dont la diaspora est le double de sa population (le Liban).

 Viennent ensuite les pays anglophones à 40 %, aussi variés que l’Estonie, la Croatie, la Bosnie, la Grèce, le Cameroun et deux anciennes colonies anglaises : le Zimbabwe et la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. A 30 %, la France, le Portugal, la Lettonie, la Lituanie, la Slovaquie et l’ex-colonie anglaise du Botswana.

Le reste des pays cités est le plus rétif à l’anglais. A 20 %, l’Espagne, l’Italie, la plupart des pays en zone soviétique (Pologne, République Tchèque, Hongrie, Roumanie, Bulgarie) et quelques anciennes colonies britanniques : Malaisie, Afrique du Sud, Lesotho. A 15 %, la Turquie, le Kazakhstan et, pour les anciennes possessions, la Namibie et la Zambie. A 10 %, la Colombie, la Thaïlande, le Japon et une grosse part de l’ancien Empire des Indes (Inde, Pakistan, Bhoutan).

Parmi les pays qui sont RAGE (Rétif à l’Anglais Grandement Envahissant), à 5 %, on trouve les colonies africaines où le swahili est fort (Kenya, Tanzanie, Ouganda), celle qui se sont détournées de la langue du colon (Ghana, Sri Lanka) et le Brésil, fier de parler portugais. Quant aux « cancres », moins de 5 %, bien évidemment la Chine, la Russie et ses vassaux (Arménie, Géorgie, Azerbaïdjan), l’Ethiopie, le Rwanda, des terres d’émigration vers les Etats-Unis : République Dominicaine, Honduras et Mexique (gringos locos !) et quelques colonies britanniques visiblement peu influencées par Londres : Bangladesh, Malawi, Swaziland et Gambie.

Hristo XIEP

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