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Economie : la Chinafrique est une réalité - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Les Africains ont connu la colonisation européenne, qui, leur a apporté médecine, infrastructures routières, éducation, développement, mise en valeur de leur potentiel économique, les faisant passer en un siècle de l’âge de pierre à Internet. Le 21e siècle risque fort d’être pour l’Afrique celui de la colonisation chinoise, qui sera bien moins généreuse…

25 pays africains ont comme premier fournisseur la Chine : Algérie, Libye, Egypte, Mauritanie, Gambie, Guinée, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Bénin, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroun, Gabon, les deux Congo, Angola, Afrique du Sud, Lesotho, Madagascar, Tanzanie, Kenya, Ethiopie, Erythrée, Djibouti et Soudan.

Il n’y a plus que 5 pays africains  qui ont la France comme premier importateur alors que la France comptait 20 pays dans son empire colonial. De feu la Françafrique, il ne reste plus que la Tunisie, le Sénégal, le Tchad, le Niger et les Comores.

Quelques pays européens ont encore une position dominante dans les importations, soit avec leurs anciennes colonies : Portugal pour le Cap Vert, Sao Tome, la Guinée Bissau ; Maroc et Guinée Equatoriale pour l’Espagne. Les Pays-Bas sont les premiers fournisseurs de la Centrafrique.

Outre la Chine, d’autres pays d’Asie commencent à s’implanter, mais avec des pays de second ordre : l’Arabie Saoudite avec les Seychelles, l’Inde avec l’île Maurice et la Corée du Sud avec le Liberia.

Le commerce interafricain est réduit à la portion congrue : le Mali et le Burkina Faso ont pour fournisseur privilégié la Côte d’Ivoire. Le Soudan du sud et le Rwanda font de même avec l’Ouganda, Ouganda qui, avec le Burundi, sont les clients attitrés du Kenya. La Côte d’Ivoire se tourne vers le Nigeria, la Somalie vers Djibouti.  Mais le poids lourd du commerce interafricain est comme il se doit l’Afrique du Sud, premier prestataire de la Namibie, du Botswana, de la Zambie, du Malawi, du Zimbabwe, du Mozambique et du Swaziland.  

En ce qui concerne les exportations, la position chinoise est moins marquée. Il n’y a « que » 13 pays africains qui exportent prioritairement vers le Céleste Empire : Mauritanie, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cameroun, Guinée Equatoriale, Gabon, les deux Congo, Angola, Zambie, Zimbabwe, Afrique du Sud et Erythrée. L’Inde, également en plein développement industriel, compte 8 pays : Guinée, Guinée Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Bénin, Togo, Nigeria, Tanzanie et Comores.

Deux pays africains ont la France comme premier client : le Niger (uranium oblige) et Madagascar, ce qui autant que la Belgique, qui est celui du Botswana et de la Centrafrique (deux pays producteurs de diamants sachant qu’Anvers en est le centre mondial de la taille). La Suisse, qui n’a jamais eu la moindre colonie en Afrique, est le premier client du Mali et du Burkina Faso (producteurs d’or) et de l’Ethiopie (café). L’Espagne, géographie oblige, est le premier client du Maroc, de Cap Vert et de l’Algérie. La Grande-Bretagne l’est avec ses anciennes colonies de l’Ile Maurice et des Seychelles, Sao Tomé privilégiant les liens avec les Pays-Bas et le Burundi avec l’Allemagne dont elle fut colonie jusqu’en 1919. La Libye vend comme il se doit à l’Italie.

Le commerce interafricain en ce qui concerne le premier exportateur est bien plus élevé, certains pays ne produisant pour l’export que des choses d’intérêt local. Ainsi, la Gambie au Sénégal, le Sénégal exporte au Mali, l’Afrique du Sud en Namibie, au Swaziland et au Mozambique ; le Kenya en Ouganda, l’Ouganda au Rwanda, le Rwanda en République Démocratique du Congo et  le Soudan du sud en Algérie…

Mondialisation oblige, plusieurs pays américains et asiatiques commencent à devenir les partenaires principaux de certains pays africains en ce qui concernent les exportations. Les Etats-Unis sont les premiers clients de la Côte d’Ivoire (cacao), du Tchad et du Lesotho ;  le Canada est celui du Malawi (tabac), l’Arabie Saoudite de l’Egypte (blé) et les Emirats Arabes Unis de la Somalie et du Soudan.

Hristo XIEP

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