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Echec et mat à l'américaine en Macédoine - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Nikola Gruevski

Jeudi 27 avril 2017, des hommes du parti macédonien nationaliste VMRO-DPMNE ont envahi le parlement, blessant Zoran Zaev, le leader du parti social-démocrate (SDSM). Ils s’indignaient que le nouveau président du parlement Talat Xhaferi, nouvellement mis en place, appartienne à la minorité albanaise du pays. Les putschistes accusaient M. Zaev, soutenu par Washington, de vendre la Macédoine aux Albanais.

Washington a effectivement poussé son pion albanais, membre de l’OTAN, en Macédoine.

La Macédoine a bien du mal à exister. En 1991 déjà, à l’indépendance du pays, ancienne entité yougoslave, la Grèce lui avait déjà fait des misères. Athènes s’opposait à la reconnaissance internationale de la Macédoine, à cause du nom même de Macédoine. Athènes clamait, avec raison, qu’elle possédait déjà une région septentrionale, appelée Macédoine, plus conforme à l’histoire héllénique du royaume d’Alexandre le Grand. Sans doute, Athènes redoutait-elle également l’émergence d’un futur état, regroupant les Macédoniens de Grèce, de Serbie, d’Albanie et de Bulgarie.

La cohabitation entre les Slaves, qui composent les trois quarts de la population macédonienne aujourd’hui, et la minorité albanaise musulmane est apaisée, depuis les combats très violents qui avaient opposé les forces gouvernementales et la rebellion albanaise (l’UCK-M) en 2001. Les accords de paix d’Ohrid, signés le 8 août 2001, qui accordent une certaine reconnaissance politique et culturelle aux Albanais, ont ramené la paix.

L’ancien Premier ministre Nikola Gruevski, du VMRO-DPMNE, s’est appuyé sur le sentiment slave pour le soutenir pendant son mandat, de 2006 à 2016. Son gouvernement s’est rendu coupable de corruption, de fraude électorale. L’opposition, représentée par le leader social-démocrate Zoran Zaev, allié aux partis albanais, soutenue par les médias au service de Washington et Bruxelles, est descendue dans la rue pour obtenir des élections anticipées et obtenir le pouvoir.

Les partis Albanais, alliés à Zoran Zaev, exigeaient la fédéralisation de la Macédoine. Zoran Zaev était prêt à y accéder. Mais le président macédonien, Gjorge Ivanov, osa refuser, arguant qu’une telle fédération s’opposait à l’esprit de la Constitution macédonienne.

L’Europe, pourtant principal investisseur dans le pays et fournisseur généreux d’aides européennes, parlementait mais n’obtenait aucun résultat.

Après que le parlement ait été envahi, le 27 avril, Washingon a pris directement les choses en main. Le sous-secrétaire d’État américain, adjoint aux affaires européennes et eurasiennes, Hoyt Brian Yee, s’est rendu à Skopje pour recadrer tout le monde. Malgré les protestations du président Ivanov, qui s’indignait de cette ingérence étrangère, Washington a imposé un président d’origine albanaise au parlement et 9 ministres albanais sur 17 dans le gouvernement pro-OTAN de Zoran Zaev.

Rappelons que l’Albanie est membre de l’OTAN. Comme le dit très bien, l’analyste Maxim Samorukov, les politiciens macédoniens sont cyniques et pragmatiques. Leur but principal est de s’accrocher au pouvoir. Pour eux, l’argument nationaliste n’est qu’un moyen d’y parvenir. Avant la crise, le nationaliste macédonien Gruevski et le chef albanais Ali Ahmeti avaient formé une coalition gouvernementale pendant huit années consécutives. La surenchère nationaliste de Gruevski n’était donc qu’un petit jeu dangereux.

L’Europe s’étant montrée, comme d’habitude, absolument incapable de faire le boulot, le maître américain a été obligé d’intervenir pour imposer ses décisions.

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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