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Défendre le roi - La Maison militaire au XVIIe siècle (Rémi Masson) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Rémi Masson est docteur en histoire et ancien allocataire de recherche de l’Institut de Recherche Stratégique et Militaire.

Au début du XVIIe siècle, les troupes de la Maison du roi ne sont encore qu’une simple garde du souverain et de la famille royale. Héritage médiéval, elles forment une collection de compagnies prestigieuses à l’organisation parfois archaïque, dont les modalités du service auprès du roi ne sont pas clairement définies. En 1610, le constat de leur inefficacité est sans appel. En succombant aux coups de Ravaillac, Henri IV est le deuxième roi de France assassiné consécutivement : quelques années auparavant, Henri III était mort poignardé par Jacques Clément. Toutefois, lorsque Louis XIV s’éteint à son tour, en 1715, mettant un terme au règne le plus long qu’ait connu le royaume de France, celle que l’on nomme désormais la Maison militaire du roi n’a plus le même visage. A peine plus d’un siècle après la mort tragique du premier roi Bourbon, ces troupes sont considérées comme une garde infaillible, mais surtout désormais comme une véritable institution militaire où servent les unités d’élite de l’armée. Les guerres de Louis XIV leur ont permis d’être constamment présentes sur les champs de bataille. Certains affrontements célèbres du règne, comme le siège de Maestricht, le combat de Leuze ou la bataille de Steinkerque, ont scellé leur réputation guerrière et leur sont intimement associés.

Avec ce livre, Rémi Masson nous montre comment le gouvernement personnel de Louis XIV a transformé la Maison militaire du roi en une institution structurée et autonome qui regroupe les meilleures compagnies de l’armée. Elles doivent y servir à sa tête et fournir des officiers d’expérience, tout en continuant d’assurer, à tour de rôle, la protection rapprochée du souverain. Dans les unités les plus élitistes de l’armée, on y voit dès lors des officiers de fortune côtoyer les fils de la noblesse d’épée. C’est une évolution inédite : des soldats roturiers qui s’étaient particulièrement distingués dans le métier des armes viennent côtoyer la noblesse, dans le seul but de donner à ces troupes un avantage décisif sur les champs de bataille.

Ce livre met en lumière les rapports de la Maison militaire du roi avec le pouvoir royal, la noblesse et l’armée, et en étudie les faits d’armes.

Défendre le roi, Rémi Masson, éditions Champ Vallon, 420 pages, 28 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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